Literary Analysis Ransom of Red Chief Essay Example

Literary Analysis Ransom of Red Chief Essay Example Literary Analysis Ransom of Red Chief Essay Literary Analysis Ransom of Red Chief Essay What is the outcome of a scheme devised by two desperate men in need of money? The outcome can be just preposterous, as in the comical short story â€Å"The Ransom of Red Chief† by O. Henry. In this story, Sam and Bill are two-bit con men who need money to pull off a scheme. The con men are faced with unexpected obstacles that cause them to take extreme measures to obtain what they want. The author uses literary devices such as figurative language, allusions, and irony to create a humorous and amusing tale. One literary technique the author uses throughout the story to illustrate comedy is figurative language. This paints vivid pictures for the reader on what is occurring in essential scenes. Bill said, â€Å"the boy put up a fight like a welter-weight cinnamon bear.†(pg.) This is a humorous simile that gives the reader a clear picture of a small boy putting such a struggle that he resembles a professional fighter. This simile also refers to a red colored bear of North America that is wild and ferocious. The combination illustrates quite a fight. Also, when Johnny asks to keep on playing a â€Å"look comes† into Bill’s eyes â€Å"like a rabbit’s when you catch it in a trap† (pg.55) This illustrates how poor Bill feels about having to play with Johnny again. The continued belittling and badgering by the boy and the surrender that Bill feels are expounded upon when the boy speaks.The dialect and language used in the text provide humor and exaggeration to the actions and tone of the characters. Furthermore, another way the author establishes humor is through the utilization of allusions. The ideas and emotions created by allusions contribute to what the author is conveying. When Bill recuperates from Johnnys assault with the slingshot, Bill states that his â€Å"favorite Biblical character is â€Å"King Herod† (pg.53).This allusion is a reference to King Herod, who once ordered the deaths of all boys under the age of two. This offers the re

Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird Essays Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Essay Topic: To Kill a Mockingbird In the beginning of the book, To Kill A MockingBird, not much is mentioned about Boo Radley. There are many rumors saying he was a horrible person who stayed in his house his whole life. As the reader we see Boo Radley change from a monster to a savior because of the secretive actions he displays. Sometimes things don’t always appear to be what you think they are. You can’t judge a book by it’s cover. During the entire book Scout and Jem don’t even know Boo is trying to help them. Scout’s views of Boo develops and changes throughout the book. Boo Radley is described as a tall guy with blood stained hands from killing and eating raw animals, big popping eyes, scars covering his face with yellow and rotten teeth as well as drool dripping from his mouth. The first part of the book, Scout is a young boy who is terrified of Boo Radley. She assumes he is evil due to all the rumors she has heard about him. However, Scout always follows her older brother, Jem, who wants to play a game named â€Å"Boo Radley.† Scout hears noises that make her want to quit playing the game. She said, â€Å"I heard another sound, so low I could not have heard it from the sidewalk. Someone inside was laughing.† (41) Scout is curious of Boo Radley and wonders why he never leaves his house. Jem and Scout describe Boo as a scary monster which leads us to believe he might be the antagonist and an evil character in the book. Jem and Scout pass the Radley house on the way to and from school every morning and afternoon. One day, Jem and Scout discover a package in a hole in front of the tree next to the Radley’s house. It consisted of chewing gum. They were afraid to eat it because they thought it was poisoned. The next week they found an old tarnished medal in the same spot as the gum which appeared to be from a spelling bee. The week after Jem and Scout found a pocket watch on a chain with a aluminum knife. Scout begins to think Boo is a real person. However

Unauthorized Trespass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unauthorized Trespass - Essay Example It was around 2am when he heard the plaintiff plus another man attempting to break in. the defendant took his shotgun and loaded it, then he poked the barrel via a minute opening in the door, he fired and the plaintiff was hit at a close range of around 5feet on his upper arm, by the armpit and eventually into the chest. Plaintiff pleaded culpable to a number of offences which were committed at that night. Defendant was impeached on charges of injuring/wounding but was later acquitted. Not in favor of the defendant, the plaintiff claimed damages owing to infringement of duty of care in negligence and under Occupier’s Liability Act 1984(sec 1). Held: The defendant was found guilty of significant contributory negligence (one third) since he applied violence to the plaintiff that was beyond reasonable limits allowed for lawful self-defense. The plaintiff was awarded 4,033pounds as compensation for personal injuries, the defendant appealed but this was dismissed by the court of ap peal. The defendant should seek supporting evidence that the cause of action by the plaintiff was founded on illegal or immoral act, self-defense or accident. The property owner by applying comparative negligence as a defense should show that the plaintiff did not apply reasonable care for his own safety; and with reference to a new law that came into effect in 1996, in case the injured party is more than 50% fault for detriment lies with him/her, he/she cannot recover non-economic damages (Zweigert and Kotz 1998).

Training and Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Training and Development - Research Paper Example Pascale et al. (1997) argue that the companies excel in the present business environment when a large percentage of employees contemplate deeply about the success of the organization. The feeling motivates employees to take a greater interest in activities of the organization creating increased involvement of the employees in the organization. Dickson (2011) defines employee engagement as a feeling of passion, commitment, and energy that transforms into taking initiative, increased innovation and persistency with the tasks. In a survey carried out by Melcrum, a research and training consultancy firm, it was found that 27 percent of the organizations undertook a dedicated engagement program while 54 percent of the organizations took engagement as a routine philosophy ingrained in overall employee practices. This proves that organizations do recognize the employee engagement as an important ingredient for their success. Bradford (2012) argues that aligning everyone to the organization strategy is critical to achieve what organization has earmarked as its strategic goal in the short as well as long run. Bradford outlines five basic steps to establish employees’ alignment with the company strategy. At the outset, employees must be imparted with the conceptual tools so as to have a good strategic thinking about the work. The examples of such tools are training and role models. That is to say, employees must have freedom to make strategic decisions in line with the company's strategy. It is necessary that employees understand the basics of business to see that the strategy is going to make their organization better, enhance their job security and chances of promotions. Without such conceptual tools, it will be difficult to achieve employee engagement. Secondly, employees must have clear understanding about strategy of the organization. Employees aligned with strategy of the organization will have more focused objective before them. Bradford suggests that the best way of aligning employees is to make it their strategy. It is better to involve as many people as possible in

Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Essay When prejudice occurs, stereotyping and discrimination may also result. In many cases, prejudices are based upon stereotypes. A stereotype is a simplified assumption about a group based on prior assumptions. Stereotypes can be both positive (women are warm and nurturing) or negative (teenagers are lazy). Stereotypes can lead to faulty beliefs, but they can also result in both prejudice and discrimination. According to psychologist Gordon Allport, prejudice and stereo types emerge in part as a result of normal human thinking. In order to make sense of the world around us, it is important to sort information into mental categories. The human mind must think with the aid of categories, Allport explained. Once formed, categories are the basis for normal prejudgment. We cannot possibly avoid this process. Orderly living depends upon it. This process of categorization applies to the social world as well, as we sort people into mental groups based on factors such as age, sex and race. However, researchers have found that while when it comes to categorizing information about people, we tend to minimize the differences between people within groups and exaggerate the differences between groups. In one classic experiment, participants were asked to judge the height of people shown in photographs. People in the experiment were also told that: In this booklet, the men and women are actually of equal height. We have taken care to match the heights of the men and women pictured. That is, for every woman of a particular height, somewhere in the booklet there is also a man of that same height. Therefore, in order to make as accurate a height judgment as possible, try to judge each photograph as an individual case; do not rely on the persons sex. In addition to these instructions, a $50 cash prize was offered to whoever made the most accurate judgments of height. Despite this, participants consistently rated the men as being a few inches taller than the women. Because of their prejudgment that men are taller than women, the participants were unable to dismiss their existing categorical beliefs about men and women in order to judge the heights accurately. Researchers have also found that people tend to view members of outside groups as being more homogenous than members of their own group, a phenomenon referred to as the out-group homogeneity bias. This perception that all member of an out-group are alike holds true of all groups, whether based on race, nationality, religion, age or other naturally occurring group affiliation.

William Gibson’s Neuromancer is the Penultimate Cyberpunk Novel :: Neuromancer

William Gibson’s Neuromancer is the Penultimate Cyberpunk Novel It could be the near future or the distant future. It could be in the biggest companies or in your den. It could be traditional science fiction or it could be cyberpunk. Technology is pervasive. There is nothing in our lives that technology does not touch; it doesn’t matter if you use it directly, chances are that something (if not everything) in your life relies on technology to function or even exist. "Traditional" science fiction, if there even is such a thing, uses extrapolation as a foundation for its stories. Extrapolation, predicting or tracing a path of continuation for an idea or event, is also used in cyberpunk. Cyberpunk is known for its use of extrapolation in the fabric of daily life. (Sterling 348) It takes common science fiction themes, such as body and mind manipulation, and events of daily life and describes them with intensely dizzying detail. Neuromancer by William Gibson is a perfect example of cyberpunk writing because it uses this dense, rapid-fire descri ption and language in combination with the themes of body/mind manipulation. The body manipulation in Neuromancer is so obvious it’s accepted as commonplace to the characters. When Case first meets Molly, her eyes draw his attention. He first thinks she’s wearing glasses, but then realizes that the lenses "grow from†¦her cheekbones" and are "surgically inset" into her eye sockets. (Gibson 24) Does he find this odd? Does he question it at all? Nope. He recognizes it, makes a note of it, and moves on to her next implant—the steel claws under her nails. Same response. Why is that? He is used to the fact that bodies are meant to be manipulated. Gibson even gives the reader a push in that direction by naming the lead "Case"—as in: he is nothing but a case in which to store things. Within a matter of hours Case has had his own body manipulated, his pancreas is replaced, his blood is changed, and he has new liver tissue which is "biochemically incapable" of allowing him to get high off coke or speed (36). All that and the only thing he’s worried about is when he’ll be able to get back to work! The descriptions of these modifications border a foreign language at times. They are detailed and technically specific, a hallmark of cyberpunk. A head-spinning example of this is the scan of Molly: "Silicon, coat of pyrolitic carbons.

E-Business and Intellectual Property

E-Business and Intellectual Property Daniel J. Nauertz Contemporary Business Law/421 Monday, May 21, 2012 Joesph Eshelman E-Business and Intellectual Property Companies may find that licensing is an attractive way to market their products in the United States particularly in industries where technology can quickly become obsolete. Licensing may be more effective and less costly than either exporting goods or establishing a branch or subsidiary. The U. S. government plays no part in promoting licensing in particular sectors. The U.S. system of patents and trademark licensing is highly developed and many licensing arrangements are possible between U. S. and foreign companies. Companies themselves may use licensing to tap into the domestic market expertise of U. S. companies but the disadvantage would be that companies may find the patent application and defence process to be expensive and time consuming and that licenses are subject to U. S. antitrust laws, such as the World Trade Orga nizations Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) framework.When analyzing the legal issues of e-business and intellectual property, one must include privacy, ethics and security. The U. S. has well developed systems of licensing that protects patents, trademarks and copyrights. Each has its own set of rules and procedures. The U. S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) of the Department of Commerce issues patents and trademark registrations. Any person who invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter or any new and useful improvements of these may obtain a U. S. patent.The Patent laws make no distinctions based on the inventors citizenship. It is legal and customary to require employees to assign their patent rights to their employers. The basic law specifying the subject matter for which a patent might be obtained and the conditions for patentability took effect in 1953 (Title 45 of the US Code). The Ominbus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 amended U. S, patent law to expand protection for owners of U. S. process patents. A U. S. trademark relates to any word, name, symbol or device used in the trade of goods or services to indicate the source or origin of the oods or services and to distinguish them from the goods or services of others. Trademarks may be obtained to prevent others from using confusingly similar marks, but they may not be used to keep others from manufacturing the item or offering the services concerned. Trademark rights in the U. S. are now acquired through common law use requirements and not as in many countries, through first registration. U. S. law does not allow for the filing of intent to use application which provides a constructive first use date based on the filing date. A trademarks continued use, therefore is necessary for the protection to remain in force.The Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984 imposes criminal penalties such as seizure, steep fines and possibl e prison terms for trafficking in goods or services bearing a counterfeit mark. Trade secrets are considered a form of property. Since enactment of the Economic Espionage Act in 1996, the U. S. Department of Justice has been granted jurisdiction over the protection of trade secrets. The departments’ computer crime and intellectual property section is the responsible agency. Following the general guidelines of the trade secret doctrine the owner of a trade secret has the right to use it to his economic advantage.The law protects the holder of a trade secret against disclosure gained by improper means, such as theft, wiretapping, or even aerial reconnaissance. Trade secret law does not offer protection, against discovery by fair and honest means, such as independent invention, accidental disclosure or reverse engineering. The copyrights act of 1976 provides that the U. S. copyright protection is automatically extended to original works of authorship, at the time of their creati on. This provides the owner with exclusive rights to reproduce and sell a work.Works that can be copyrighted include motion pictures, sound recordings and computer software. So as we assess the different types of and legal protections for intellectual properties we see that the holders of a U. S. patent, trademark or copyright may sue the infringer through the U. S. Federal court system, though the process can be long and costly. The holder may also obtain an injunction and sue for damages. Intellectual property and e-commerce. (2010). Country Commerce. United States, 67-82 Melvin, S. P. (2011), the legal environment of business: A managerial approach: Theory to practice. New York, N. Y: McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Report on Air Asia Essay

The route map of all the destinations covered by Air Asia and Air Asia X are also shown. Booking services Once the destinations are selected the flight times and the base prices will be displayed AirAsia GoAir Asia Go ensures customers to book flights and the hotel rooms in their preferred destinations at the click of the mouse. AirAsia Credit Cards With the Air Asia credit cards, each customer is entitled for great deals and discounts on selected flights and purchases from Air Asia. AirAsia Insure Air Asia has its own travel insurance, which is Air Asia Insure travel protection. AirAsia CourierWith Air Asia Courier, the courier rates are 50% lower than the nearest competitor prices. It has two main services, that is Delivery to Door and Airport to Airport services. AirAsia RedTix An online ticket service in which customers can buy tickets for upcoming sporting events, theatre shows, and many more. Air Asia RedTix partners with premier event organizers to bring customers the world of high class performances and entertainments. Red MegastoreA merchandise service from Air Asia in which you can browse and shop for exclusive merchandise from the comforts of your home. Exclusive Air Asia merchandise, collectibles, exclusive cosmetics and fragrances are available for customers to choose from. AirAsia. cafeThis is an in-flight experience that is specially tailored to cater to the needs of the customers’ needs and expectations. Food and Beverages, AirAsia Merchandise, and in flight entertainment. Figure: 8 Product & Services of Air Asia (Accessed on 25th May 2010) http://www. redmegastore. com/webshaper/store/viewCat. asp 3. 0 Mega Environment Mega environment are the general condition outside an organization. Mega environment have 5 elements. These are Technological, Economic, Legal Political, Social culture and International. In this particular time our group will be explaining about Technological and Social Culture. 3. 1 Social/Culture Brand culture With the tagline ‘Now everyone can fly’, Air Asia’s philosophy of low fares is aimed to make flying affordable for everyone. Air Asia also aims at making travel easy, convenient and fun for its guests Malaysia is a multiracial country, boasting races of Malays, Chinese, Indians and others. Malaysia’s state religion is Islam, but people are free to choose their religion. Malay is the official language in Malaysia, as English is also widely used. Fernandes’s management style to build on the basis of culture, creating a strong brand, and usinghis own unique way. He stressed that the departments are closely linked, and also the importance of distinguishing. He explained in the aviation industry, â€Å"The pilots think they are God, and also the engineers as these are very important people. † Air Asia’s philosophy is: not only affordable flights, but also interesting and fun experience in each flight.

Conversion Factor Definition and Examples

Conversion Factor Definition and Examples A conversion factor is the number or formula you need to convert a measurement in one set of units to the same measurement in another set of units. The number is usually given as a numerical ratio or fraction that can be used as a multiplication factor. For example, say you have a length that is measured in feet and you wish to report on it in meters. If you know that there are 3.048 feet in a meter, then you can use that as a conversion factor to determine what the same distance is in meters.   One foot is 12 inches long, and the conversion factor of 1 foot to inches is 12. In yards, 1 foot is equal to 1/3 yard (conversion factor of 1 foot to yards is 1/3) so forth. The same length is 0.3048 meters, and it is also 30.48 centimeters. To convert 10 feet to inches, multiply 10 times 12 (the conversion factor) 120 inchesTo convert 10 feet to yards, multiply 10 x 1/3 3.3333 yards (or 3 1/3 yards)To convert 10 feet to meters, multiply 10 x .3048 3.048 metersTo convert 10 feet to centimeters, multiply 10 x 30.48 304.8 centimeters Examples of Conversion Factors There many different types of measurements that sometimes require conversions: length (linear), area (two dimensional) and volume (three dimensional) are the most common, but you can also use conversion factors to convert mass, speed, density, and force. Conversion factors are used for conversions within the imperial system (feet, pounds, gallons), within the International System of Units (SI, and the modern form of the metric system: meters, kilograms, liters) or across the two.   Remember, the two values must represent the same quantity as each other. For example, its possible to convert between two units of mass (e.g., grams to pounds), but you generally cant convert between units of mass and volume (e.g., grams to gallons). Examples of conversion factors include: 1 gallon 3.78541 liters (volume)  1 pound 16 ounces (mass)  1 kilogram 1,000 grams (mass)  1 pound 453.592 grams (mass)1 minute 60000 milliseconds (time)  1 square mile 2.58999 square kilometers (area)   Using a Conversion Factor For example, to change a time measurement from hours to days, use a conversion factor of 1 day 24 hours. time in days time in hours x (1 day/24 hours) The (1 day/24 hours) is the conversion factor. Note that following the equal sign, the units for hours cancel out, leaving only the unit for days.

Ways to Say Thank You in Spanish

Ways to Say Thank You in Spanish Chances are that one of the first words you learned in Spanish is gracias, the most common way to say thanks or thank you. Gracias is, of course, a useful word and should top any list of words Spanish students should learn. How To Use Gracias, a  Word for Thanks If you wish to indicate what youre giving thanks for, use the preposition por to mean for: Gracias por el regalo, which means thank you for the gift. If you want to say thank you very much, you can use muchas gracias or even muchà ­simas gracias. Also common is mil gracias, literally a thousand thanks. As you might guess, gracias is closely connected with- technically, its a cognate- the English word grace. The connection can be seen most easily if you remember that giving a prayer of thanks before a meal is sometimes known as saying grace. Gracia, the singular form of gracias, also has some of the other meanings of grace. Some examples of how gracias can be used: Gracias por ser quien eres. (Thank you for being who you are.)Gracias por tu comprensià ³n. (Thanks for your understanding.)Gracias a las lluvias de este aà ±o hemos podido disfrutar de estas cascadas. (Thanks to this years rains we have been able to enjoy these waterfalls.)Gracias, mi amigo, por todo lo que me das. (Thank you, my friend, for everything you give me.)Sobre todo, te doy las gracias por hacerme muy feliz. (Above all, I give you thanks for making me very happy.)Estas gracias son tambià ©n para todos vosotros. (These thanks are also for all of you.) ¡Un millà ³n de gracias a nuestros patrocinadores! (A million thanks to our sponsors!)Muchas gracias por su solicitud. (Thank you very much for your application.)Te ofrezco mis gracias sinceras. (I offer you my sincere thanks.) Agradecer and Related Words If youve gone beyond learning the basics of Spanish, you also can use the verb agradecer, which is used to express gratitude, appreciation or thanks. Two related words are also in common use: agradecido (grateful, appreciative or thankful) and agradecimiento (appreciation or gratitude). Note that agradecer is irregularly conjugated if youre speaking about yourself in the present tense. So agradezco is the form to use to say something such as I am grateful or I appreciate. Following the conjugation pattern of conocer, it is also irregular in some other forms youre less likely to use. Te agradezco el regalo. (I appreciate the gift.)Me siento agradecido (agradecida if youre female) por el regalo. (I feel grateful for the gift.)Estoy agradecido (agradecida if youre female) por el regalo. (I am grateful for the gift.)Quizs no estaban agradecidos por el favor que hice por ellos. (Perhaps they never appreciated the favor that you did for them.)Les agradecemos por su donacià ³n para los nià ±os. (We appreciate your donation for the children.)Me dijo que me agradecà ­a mucho por el fin de semana. (She told me that she was grateful to me for the weekend.)Los propietarios merecen muchos agradecimientos por su generosidad. (The owners deserve much appreciation for their generosity.)Es importante que cada familia cree una cultura de agradecimiento. (Is it important that each family create a culture of gratitude.)

Organizational Behaviour 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organizational Behaviour 2 - Essay Example The role of Patch Adams was portrayed by one of the most revered actors of contemporary times, Robin Williams, known for his wit and genuine love for humor. The modes of communication used in the movie would be discussed and evaluated in the light of theories of both verbal and nonverbal communication, used as an integral and critical part of the healing process of patients. The development of language as a means of communication has enhanced the growth of interrelationships with people all over the world. Language facilitated the replacement and expression of behavior with concrete and concise messages. There is little doubt that language – the ability to communicate with words, whether in speech, writing, or signing – is one of the attributes that make one human, perhaps the most basic one. In any organized system, whether in business, politics, the academe, or in health care, the influence of theoretical perspectives in communication has evolved from a simple framework to the complex structure we have today. The development of communication theories opened a whole spectrum of information which enhanced the interaction and interrelationships among people from diverse walks of life. According to Delaune & Ladner (2006, 270), communication is the â€Å"process of transmitting thoughts, feelings, facts, and other information† through verbal or non-verbal means. Verbal messages are messages communicated with the use of words and language. These messages can either be spoken or written. Non verbal communication, on the other hand, is the process of transmitting messages without words, that is, through body language (Delaune & Ladner, 2006, 275). Non verbal communication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. In another study conducted by Stuart & Laraia (2001), communication was described as having prominent

AI Theory Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AI Theory - Article Example Shannon, August 31, 1955: "We propose that a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be carried out during the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The study is to proceed on the basis of the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it"2. Centuries before McCarthy coined the term AI, early traces of AI emergence can be found during the time of the ancient Greek Gods; the myths of golden robots created by a Greek God; Hephaestus3. The attempt to create AI could also be seen in the form of sacred statues worshipped in Egypt4 and Greece5. In medieval times, existence of AI was supported by claims made by alchemists e.g. Paracelsus created artificial beings6. Other examples of AI can be seen from the realistic clockwork imitations of human beings built by people like Yan Shi7, Hero of Alexandria8, Al-Jazari9 and Wolfgang von Kompelen10. AI was also present in famous modern fiction such as Mary Shelley's classic Frankenstein and the film Artificial Intelligence:A.I. The modern history of AI includes the birth of computers that were intelligent enough to solve word problems in algebra, proving logical theorems and speaking English. The early 60s saw AI gaining popularity as evidenced by the generous fund provided by the US Department of Defense for AI research. The artificial research however met the doldrums in 1974 with funds on exploratory AI being cut off. The AI research was resuscitated in the early 80s with the commercial success of expert systems that applies knowledge and analytical skills of one or more human experts. By 1985 AI market reached the value of more than a billion dollars11. The AI market again fell into despair with the collapse of the Lisp Machine market in 198712. The highlight of AI success was in the 90s and early 21st century where it was widely used in the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for logistics, data mining, medical diagnostics and many other areas13. The general theory for AI is mainly based on several characteristics found in normal human being such as deduction, reasoning, problem solving, knowledge representation, planning, motion and manipulation, and perception, amongst others. When solving puzzles, playing board games or make logical deductions a normal human being would go through the process of conscious and step-by-step reasoning14. These traits were successfully imitated through algorithms developed by early AI researchers. Nonetheless, AI researchers have yet to unravel the methods of replicating human traits in solving problems using unconscious reasoning. In order for the machines to solve problems, it needs extensive knowledge about the world e.g. objects, properties, categories and relations between objects15; situations, events, states and time16; causes and effect17. Most knowledge is difficult to be represented due to 3 reasons; default reasoning and the qualification problem, McCarthy [1969]18, unconscious know ledge and the breadth of common sense knowledge. In solving planning problems, the intelligent agent must have the ability of setting objective and achieving it19, thus it needs a way to visualize the future; i.e. having a representation of the state of the world and be able to make predictions about how their actions will change it. The