Debut albums Essay Example for Free

Introduction collections Essay Life neverseems to be the waywe need it butwe need to liveit the bestwaywecan! There isnoperfectlife,but we can fill it with PERFECT MOMENTS HOPE END r consistently there for everybody! Relies upon us how we manage them.. A HOPELESS END! or then again An ENDLESS HOPE! The delight that u provide for othersis d satisfaction thatflows backinto ur life! An upbeat heart makes a happy face! May all ur days b as flawless as ur heart Destiny Is No Matter Of Chance, It Is A Matter Of Choice, It Is Not A Thing To Be Waited For, It Is A Thing To Be Achieved. When there is disarray between your heart and psyche, Don't tune in to your brain since mind knows it all But your heart knows just U. The distinction between an effective individual And others isn't an absence of solidarity, Not an absence of information Rather absence of will. Achievement isn't key 2 satisfaction.. however, satisfaction is d key 2 achievement. so keep yourself glad 2 b cheerful fruitful.. We Will Open The Book. Its Pages Are Blank We Are Going To Put Words On Them Ourselves The Book Is Called OPPORTUNITY. Every one Of Us Makes Our Own Weather Determines The Color Of The Skies In The Emotional Universe Which We Inhabit. Try not to Think About What You Have Got Think About How To Use It That You Have Got A paper flying in air isdue to its karma buta flying creature is flying because of its exertion. So if karma isn't with u,efforts are consistently there to help U Hard-work resembles steps and karma resembles lift. Once in a while lift may bomb yet steps will consistently take you to the top. Have an effective life. Fallen blossoms can not move back. So don't consider the past. Love the Present. Live for the Future, with a delightful sweet Smile. ðÿ™‚ Every man has in himself a mainland of unfamiliar character Upbeat is he who goes about as the 'COLUMBUS' to his own spirit. Excellent Message by Mother Teresa: If you can't cherish an individual whom you see, at that point how might you love GOD whom you have never observed Experiences resemble waves,They come to u on shore of life,Drag the sand from underneath your feet,But each wave makes u remain on another base. On the off chance that you stress over a difficulty it turns out to be twofold yet when u grin at it,itdisappears like an air pocket so consistently grin atyour issue. continue grinning If individuals around you, are attempting to pull you down. Be glad about it. B'coz it just methods one thing that: YOU ARE ABOVE THEM pleasantness in your discourse ability in your psyche love in your heart harmony in your eyes quality in your grasp I wish consistently victoryin your life Persistence Is The Twin Sister Of Excellence One Is A Matter Of Quality The Other A Matter Of Time Work For A Cause Not For Applause Live Life To Express Not To Impress Don't Strive To Make our Presence Noticed Just Make Your Absence Felt. Karma is likesand in hands,Itwill sneak outthrough fingers,no matergripped solidly or heldloosely. Just hands inthe asking stance can spare It is smarter to cry than to be furious, in light of the fact that outrage harms others while tears stream quietly tossed the spirit and purges the heart.. Do Good to Everyone Without Expecting Much.. As an old saying says:- Some Fragrance consistently stays in HANDS of Those who Distribute ROSE..! An Airplane is Always Safe at GroundBut It's not Made for That. So Always Take Some Meaningful Risks in Life to Achieve Great Pleasure. Exceptionally evident line When nails develop long we cut nails, not our fingers. Correspondingly wn mistaken assumptions grow up, cut ur inner self not ur connection! Straightforward line yet incredible importance Empty Pockets shows million things throughout everyday life But, Full Pockets ruin's you in million different ways. Character is:Who we are and what we do when everyone is viewing..! Character is:Who we are and what we do when Nobody is viewing. Frogs had rivalry to Reach Top of Hill. AllFrogs shouted,Its Impossible. Be that as it may, 1 Frog Reachedthe Top How? He wasDeaf Be DEAF toNEGATIVE Words A Valuable Lesson that A Traffic Signal Teach Us: Every Problem resembles a Red Signal, If we Wait for quite a while, It will Turn Green. Influence and cash are great sources on the off chance that they stay in pocket yet they are horrible experts once they enter the head. Each and every grin can contact someone's heart. Nobody is brought into the world cheerful. Be that as it may, we all are brought into the world with the capacity to make satisfaction. Continuously be hpy Silence is the fence around knowledge! In the event that your foot slips,U can generally recapture your parity. Be that as it may, if your tongue slips,U can never review the words Past is Waste Paper, Present is News Paper, Future is Question Paper, Life is Answer Paper, So, Care completely Read Write it and appreciate life! Each issue in life has a blessing inside.. So don't get agitated when you face issue. It might have more excellent completion than your desire. Try not to cry over what is gone, Smile about what remains. Regardless of whats lost, You can even now consistently discover an incentive in what is left.! A Winning Horse doesn't have the foggiest idea what is wining, He just runs in torment given by his rider, So at whatever point ur in torment, imagine that God needs u to win. All winged animals discover cover during a downpour. In any case, Eagle keeps away from downpour by hovering over the Clouds. Issues r normal, yet mentality has the effect We think there is perpetual chance to live, But we never know which second is last So share care.. Love and praise each snapshot of LIFE. Examination is The Best Way to Judge Our Progress, But Not With Others. Contrast ur Yesterday With Ur Today With Get The Best Results. Meaning of Human Being by A Philosopher: A Creature That Cuts Trees, Makes Paper, On Those Papers They Writes SAVE TREES Every fruitful individual has an excruciating story, Every difficult story has an effective closure. Acknowledge the torment prepare to progress. Extraordinary Thought: When we cannot giggle again on a similar joke, at that point for what reason do we cry over and over for the very much the same torment. BEST LINES: Dont read examples of overcoming adversity, You will get just message. Peruse disappointment stories, You will get a few plans to get achievement. There is consistently an expectation and an end. It relies upon us how we manage them. We can take a gander at it as a miserable end. or then again an Endless Hope. Life never turns the manner in which we need. In any case, we live it in the most ideal way we can. There's no ideal life, But we can Fill it with impeccable minutes Mistake increment your experience and experience decline your errors You gain from botches While the other gain from your sucsess. Life is Better When You're Happy But Life is At its Best When Other People Are Happy Because Of U. Be Inspired. Give Peace.. Also, Share Smile . You Can't Bring Back The Past, For It is All Gone. Everything You Can Do is Let Go, Move on,and Make Better Memories For The Future. Sentiments resemble waves, We can't prevent them from coming, But we can pick which one to surf. It's a delightful mild day! Consider this:There are just about 8 billion individuals on Earth. also, you are going to let only ONE individual to demolish your day? Have a magnificent day!! Once in a while you gotta accomplish more than cause trouble. Now and again you gotta hop in head first and make a few waves.. It's a lovely day! Plant around you today the SEEDS of Optimism and Kindness.. furthermore, tomorrow you can procure its FRUITS of Love and Happiness appy end of the week! Quality doesn't originate from what you can DO It originates from OVER COMING the THINGS you ONCE THOUGHT you COULDN'T. Have an extraordinary day! Encircle yourself with individuals who are going to lift u HIGHER! Life is as of now loaded up with those whowant to push u down to the brink of collapse. There areno arbitrary acts. Weare all associated. Ucan no more separateone life from anotherthan u can isolate a breezefrom the breeze. God Bless Us Having Lips. what's more, not usingthem to smile,is like having. A million dollars in the bankand overlooking theaccount number. SMILEand have a hpy day! To regard individuals who are HIGHER than u, it's ORDINARY. To regard individuals who are LOWER than u,it's EXTRA customary. In some cases you gotta shut up, bite the bullet and acknowledge that you re wrong. It's not surrendering, it's rung developing. At the point when Iis supplanted by WE.. Indeed, even ILLNESS transforms into WELLNESS. Have a glad end of the week! U Better Live Ur Best and Act your Best 2day For now Is The Sure Preparation For Tomorrows and All Other Tomorrow That Follow It isn't on the grounds that things are troublesome that we don't set out, it is on the grounds that we don't set out that they are troublesome. The mindis like a clock Thatis continually running down. It must be woundUp day by day with great contemplations. Try not to go throughlife,Grow through life Anything is increasingly significant When u can not get it. At the point when u can get it This is less significant for u. This is nature of each human. In the event that your activities motivate others to dream more, find out additional, accomplish more and become more, you are a pioneer. Each awful circumstances have something positive.. Indeed, even a halted clock is right two times every day. Rationale Of Time When Time Never Stops For Us, Then Why Do We Always Wait For The Right Time..? No Time Is Wrong To Do The Right Thing .! Waves Are Inspiring, Not Because They Rise And Fall, But Because They Never Fail To Rise Again. Have A Rising Day. An Inspiring Fact: If You Can Still Smile When you are Completely Broken Up, Then There Can be Nothing That Can Break you Next Time! A Lifetime Inspiring Thought Always Try Your Best To Get Whatever You Love.. Else You Will Be Forced To Love Whatever You Get.. Sucess doesn't rely upon settling on significant choices rapidly, however relies upon your fast activities on significant choices. Disregard Past Failures! Concentrate on the NOW and What should be done today to assist you with accomplishing your fantasies! At the point when you are following your vitality and doing what you need constantly, the differentiation among work and play breaks down. When unexpectd circumstances come before you, I don't get it's meaning..? It implies that you are Moving Ahead Faster than you expectd..! Incredible inspirational words composed on the passageway of an American college.. I realize I am something, since God doesnt make trash.! Each Morning Get Up 'n Look Through The List Of Richest People In The World, If Your Name Is Not There, Please Go To WORK! Figure out how to stand up to your feelings of trepidation head on the grounds that occasionally what you dread isn't even worth your dread. God has given you the stuff to accomplish every one of your points

Yellow by Coldplay free essay sample

Coldplay’s â€Å"Yellow† is a presentation perfect work of art, pulling at its audience members heartstrings with it’s remarkably tuned acoustics and Chris Martin’s genuine musical voice. The stone ditty has been broadly deciphered from multiple points of view, the melodies verses â€Å"they were all yellow†bringing up a book of theories on the significance. Incidentally, Chris Martin, artist and musician of Coldplay expressed that he hadn’t expected a significance during the unconstrained making of the hit tune. In the wake of watching the night sky with his band at a studio in Wales, the tune for â€Å"Yellow† rose up out of his guitar alongside the initial verses. Enthusiastically Chris played the initial piece to his bandmembers, when the verses â€Å"and they were all yellow† came to fruition. Chris concedes that he didn’t know precisely what it implied, yet he expresses that it was â€Å"a feeling more than a meaning.† Regardless of the absence of an unmistakable importance, fans decipher the sentiment of this dazzling tune in particular manners. We will compose a custom exposition test on Yellow by Coldplay or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A mainstream hypothesis guesses the melody is about mental self portrait and despondency, communicating someone’s endeavor to carry satisfaction to another’s absence of â€Å"yellow†, a shading which regularly means merry things. Essentially, others hypothesize that melody is depicting genuine love, citing the song’s awful line â€Å"For you I’d drain myself dry.† Along with these theories, the song’s utilization of â€Å"Yellow† offers approach to understandings seeing impacts of sickness as it portrays â€Å"Your skin, your skin and bones,† alluding to the staining of disease. While the tune at first had no particular significance, it is a direct result of this that it ought to be viewed as a perfect work of art. Workmanship, regardless of whether it be a painting or a verse, is a message just read by the eye of the spectator, and by no uncertainty Coldplay’s â€Å"Yellow† makes the cut.

A Penny for Your Thoughts

A Penny for Your Thoughts These past few weeks havent been easy. Ive had to stay up really late working multiple nights in a row and it culminated with me dropping a class. Its been a hard few weeks for my friends too, with the long winter and the slew of second semester tests starting to take its toll. Its also been a rough few weeks for the MIT community overall, with the losses of Matthew Nehring and Christina Tournant. And for you, dear applicant, decisions day is either here or has passed, depending on when you read this. Perhaps youve been having a rough time dealing with the wait. Or perhaps its passed and now youre having a rough time dealing with a rejection. Or perhaps you were accepted and are worried of the stresses that come with MIT. Whatever the case, its clear each of us has hardships. But in times like this when we go through hardships, no matter how similar or different they are from each other, a little dose of community support can go a long way. Ive been very lucky to have the amazing support of my family, my fraternity, and the rest of the MIT community. And I hope you know that I fully support you. I dont believe all of you can get into MIT, but I do believe youre all guaranteed for success just because you tried. Every year around this day, I try to make an encouraging post to remind you that success is something you pull out of yourself, not something an college bestows upon you. Last year on Pi day, I wrote an anecdote about how your dreams cant be taken away from you onto two pennies and published them in my post  My Two Cents. I got a lot of responses in the following weeks from both rejected applicants and fellow MIT students telling me how I had encouraged them to continue striving on past hardships. I felt like I had made a difference in many peoples lives. So its true that one person can bring about big change, but then imagine the kind of change entire community can bring together. This is what I wanted to show this year. That power of community. So I asked my fraternity brothers what encouraging words they have for you, and, on their own initiative, they in turn asked their friends and first-year dorms. Then I asked my groups on campus, and they asked their friends and dorms. Pretty soon, my question what encouraging words do you have for applicants? was on a lot of mailing lists and all over Facebook. I had gotten close to two hundred responses in close to three days. So I say this to you, dear applicants: not only do you have my full support but you cleary have the full support of the entire MIT community. I now present A Penny for Your Thoughts, a compilation of the responses of members from all over the MIT community coming together for one reason: to tell you that you CAN do it. A Penny for Your Thoughts *Quotes that are written below were too big to fit on the penny. *A special thanks to East Campus and Simmons for having the top two most responses, 18 and 17, respectively. Sororities Olivia 16 (Alpha Phi McCormick) Sometimes what seems like a broken dream or a missed opportunity is really a blessing in disguise. The hard thing is, the blessing probably wont reveal itself until a little ways down the road. Just remember to remain hopeful, and seize every beneficial opportunity presented to you. If you do that, youre guaranteed to discover the blessing in disguise. Anonymous 15 (Kappa Alpha Theta FLP) You want to attend an institution that appreciates you and understands why youre special. If MIT doesnt see that, then you are probably better off going somewhere that gets it. Caroline 17 (Alpha Chi Omega) By the time Pi Day came around 2 years ago, I was convinced MIT was the greatest. But now I realize MIT has its flaws, just like every other school. Theres nothing magical that makes the school extraordinary. Its the students, and what they accomplish, that make it what it is. Just because youre not coming here doesnt mean you cant do everything you wanted to do at MIT. This school is just a place; its what you choose to do that matters, not where you do it. Jennifer 17 (Alpha Phi Baker) Take a break for a moment, let the impact of the decision hit you, and do whatever you need to do to cope with it. Cry, scream, eat your feelings. But only for a moment. Because when it comes down to it, this is just one decision. Dont let it break you down. Dont let yourself be defined by where you get accepted/rejected, because there is so much more to you, your abilities, and your happiness. College is the next step, but it didnt necessarily have to be MIT. Youre going to have a wonderful, meaningful college experience as long as YOU make it happen. Best of luck for wherever you go! Fraternities Independent Living Groups Baker Carolyn 17 College is a business. MIT admissions do not determine your success in life. If you feel bitter, prove them wrong. You are undoubtedly a talented student with great ambitions, and you are more than capable of making the best of your college years no matter where you go! Burton-Conner Anonymous 15 You want to attend an institution that appreciates you and understands why youre special. If MIT doesnt see that, then you are probably better off going somewhere that gets it. Aritro 17 Im sorry that this happened but its clear that youre a motivated and talented person to have applied in the first place. Sometimes it doesnt work out, but thats not your fault. Remember who you are and those qualities you have, and you will still make a difference. Kayla 18 You make the place, the place doesnt make you. Hack on. East Campus Anonymous Keep breathing. if you had the guts and the grit to apply here, and you took enough joy in learning and struggling to be willing to go here, you can figure out how to thrive most anywhere. this is not an endingits the beginning of a path you might not have meant to take at first. Anonymous 17 You are so valuable as a person. Being a successful person isnt just about what you can produce or create, its also about experience, conversation, and connection. No matter what college you attend, you will be a successful person. Anonymous 17 Aside from the people here, everything at MIT has made my life worse. Youve escaped. MacGregor Anonymous 16 Its YOU that makes your college experience what it is, not where you are. Take advantage of the opportunities available to you, and youll reach great heights no matter who is giving you the chance to do so. Anonymous 17 Its ok. People here are trying to survive. Mackenzie 17 What school you go to does not define you. Your hard work, heart, and will power will make you what you want to be, regardless of where you end up for college. Have faith in yourself, and know that you will be successful and can change the world no matter where you end up Maseeh Anonymous 16 A school or name on a diploma doesnt define you. Your life, experiences, and how you choose to be does. Any future graduate program, employer, etc who doesnt understand that, isnt worth your time. McCormick New House Nisha 16 You are a process, not a product. Therefore you cannot define yourself based on one achievement or one disappointment. Celebrate the person you are (about 2 decades in the making!) and dont focus on the present too much. Next House Random Hall Senior Haus Sienna 18 Your college experience is what you make it. no matter what school youll end up at (or whatever else you end up doing next year), you will find classes and activities and places and people youll love. i believe that wherever you find yourself in the fall is a place you can make your own :) Simmons Anonymous 18  Getting rejected from your dream school can be hard. I know, because I felt that I was. I applied to MIT Early Action, and I was deferred, and then waitlisted. Knowing that last year MIT had admitted no one off of the waitlist, it was essentially a rejection. To cope, I focused on all the positives of the schools that I had gotten into. As an MIT applicant, you probably have many other options where you can excel. I found that I loved my school as much as I had thought that I would love MIT. It was hard to let it go when I found out that I was admitted off of the waitlist. Remember, one school does not define you. Youre sure to find your ideal college somewhere. Brianna 17 The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Youre not just the lows highs in your life (in this case the rejections acceptances), youre a unique individual that has a *something* to contribute to this world Faith 17 You are not the sum of your academic choices, your school acceptances, your performance, or your abilities. You are a person, which is much better complex than a simple sum of achievements. Dont let one thing define you! Emily 17 Every time you succeed in life, someone else will be failing at the same task. Every time you fail, someone else will be succeeding. Celebrate the success of your peers with the knowledge that your time for success will come. Kira 16 For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.  Jeremiah 29:11. This verse often gives me encouragement, and I hope it gives encouragement to you as well, whether or not youre Christian. Keep pressing on always, even when it seems like you cant. There may be hard times along the way, but dont give up! :) Spanish House   Lisa 17 Wherever you go, youre going to do amazing things, meet incredible people, and change the world, Find happiness wherever you end up and keep pushing on. You still have a beautiful, nerdy life ahead of you :) MIT Staff/Alumni Even more students                       Anonymous 18 My older brother is smarter than me and he got rejected from MIT for undergrad and just got rejected from the graduate program. Hes smarter than me, but he never shouldve gone here. The motivation he garnered from getting rejected has served him much better than an MIT education could have in four years. Youre all very smart. Be great regardless of the admissions decision. Beki 17 Steven Spielberg, Katie Couric, and Warren Buffet were all rejected from their top choice college. They overcame it. You can too. Its not an end all be all kind of day. Its one where your life goes in a certain direction, distinct and full of potential. You are skipping this stop but your success doesnt get left behind. Have a great life thats as shiny as a new penny. Anonymous 16  There will be plenty of you that are smarter than I am and will accomplish things that I never willjust because I got lucky doesnt mean you should stop being the awesome human you are. Dont forget, your education doesnt define you, YOU define you. Sometimes I think it wouldve been better if I had gone somewhere else. Ariella 16 Going to a certain school isnt going to make you special. Its you that makes the school special. No matter where you end up, you are going to find an environment that you ultimately enrich by being there. Eric 16 Rejection is tough. From a potential lover to a potential college, we have all felt rejection. How you react to rejection is one of the most important life skills you can learn. When dealing with rejection, remember why you were pursuing your goal in the first place and realize that rejection can serve as a stepping stone to other successes. Anonymous 15 Its honestly so arbitrary and almost random in the end MIT has way more qualified candidates than it can feasibly accept. Know your own worth and youll do great things no matter where you go to school. Anonymous 16 Friends of mine who were rejected from MIT look at my life here and see that they would not have liked the reality of MIT after all. Trust that the admission process rejected you because you will benefit more from education elsewhere. Anonymous 16 MIT was just one path to reach your goals. Many still remain waiting for you. Go out and make that differenceyoull make it no matter where you are. Next Steps: If you still feel like you need a little more empowerment or youre feeling empowered and want to know what to do with it, check out these articles: The Pretender: Do I Belong at MIT?  by Erick 17 on MITAdmissions.org. Your lifes legacy does not start nor end with MIT. You must empower yourself to move on. Work hard, play hard, do want you want, and if someone doesnt let you into their school, go somewhere else. Press onwards. Whether you get in or not, after decisions, listen to this song (or another song) but listen deeply. Close your eyes and let it move you. Then get to work . . .  [Read more] Acceptance Letters: Dont Have a Dream School, Just Have a Dream  by Martin 17 on MartinezMediations.com You WILL still make an impact in the world because success is all about perserverance. You are bright and have purpose. You have a great attitude and there is a lot you can accomplish. In many ways it may be a blessing that you didnt get accepted no matter how strong or smart you are . . .  [Read more] Good luck to you, that you may do good in your future, wherever you may be.

Hiv And Aids A Serious Disease - 1395 Words

HIV and AIDS is a very serious disease in this world and will continue to fester within our population because of ignorance and lack of knowledge about this infection. AIDS is recognized as an international health catastrophe. It is the first outlandish and unique widespread of communicable diseases. People with AIDS acquire many different kinds of diseases which the body would usually fight off easily but this illness breaks down the body’s defenses. AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV, which is short for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV can be passed on because it would be present in the blood of infected people. Corruption and nonexistence of religion has played a menacing role in the first phase of the disease. Today other sources of the disease are considered, like the worldwide unfamiliarity of personal hygiene and sexual life. HIV and AIDS have taken a toll on the world especially in Africa. It has been a major cause of death in the world; it also continues to be a pu blic health concern. It presents a threat to impending generations with villages being cleaned out due to its influences. The most disturbed generation being the most dynamic age group leaving the senior and ripened to look after the young. Widows and stray children have been a leading indicator in many communities and strive through trials and tribulations to endure the impacts of HIV. Numbers demonstrate that Africa has been the most disturbed by the condition being forced into theseShow MoreRelatedWhy Hiv / Aids Is A Serious Disease Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesWHY HIV/AIDS IS A SERIOUS DISEASE HIV/AIDS is a disease that has more than 34 million people infected worldwide. This disease has 5,700 new infections every day, resulting in 240 more every single hour. This disease has caused 21.8 million deaths before the year 2000 and caused 1.8 million in 2012 alone. The same disease has one in three people in sub-Saharan Africa infected, and has no cure. These aforementioned facts, plus countless others presented are staggering and are compiled by leading organisationsRead MoreAids : A Serious Problem That Affects Our Communities887 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent and serious diseases were discovered, and some of them caused death. AIDS is one of the most serious of these diseases. The term AIDS is an abbreviation of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is caused by a virus which is called Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It was reported in the United States for the first time in 1981. The term AIDS applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infections. All around the worl d, there are about five million people who became infected with HIV during theRead MoreAids Research Paper1428 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the history of time, there have been diseases that have altered the environment of communities, societies, and the world. Some of these diseases were more catastrophic than others, however all are important to understanding how to prevent and prevail over these illnesses. One of the most preeminent diseases of our world today is the epidemic of AIDS. As a consistent killer throughout the world, AIDS has become an immediate concern to agencies and governments worldwide. In responseRead MoreWhy Hiv / Aids Is A Serious Medical And Social Issue?1602 Words   |  7 Pages1, 2015 Why HIV/AIDS is a serious medical and social issue HIV/ AIDS is the serious problem of the world today. HIV is commonly known as Human Immune Deficiency Virus and AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Virus. HIV is the first stage and AIDS is the final stage of the same disease. HIV/AIDS is not itself a disease, but it decrease the power of immunity in the human body which will decrease the resistance capacity of the body to fight the disease. It is the fluid transmitted disease which is believedRead MoreThe Pandemic Known As Aids1728 Words   |  7 Pagespandemic known as AIDS was first found in a human blood sample around the year 1959 and was later introduced to the United States in the late 1970s to early 1980s. â€Å"From 1979–1981 rare types of pneumonia, cancer, and other illnesses were being reported by doctors in Los Angeles and New York among a number of male patients who had sex with other men (â€Å"Where did HIV come from?†).† Due to these occurrences, doctors did their research and were able to trace the cause of this fatal disease called AcquiredRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1574 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an infectious agent that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in which the immune system breaks down, but it can take up to 10 years for HIV to turn into AIDS. This disease destroys CD4+ T cells, which are essential in helping the body fight disease (CDC, 2003). HIV can also invade the central nervous system which can cause severe neurological problems. AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981, and since 1981 over 750,000Read MoreDurex Save Sex Campaign Against AIDS-HIV688 Words   |  3 PagesOverview Durex Save Sex Campaign Against AIDS/HIV Hello to everyone, my name is Irem Gamsizoglu, and I`m first year medicine student. I will tell you about disease that is spread all around the world – AIDS and HIV and the corporate social responsibility campaign made by one of the most famous contraception related company Durex. And I`d like to start my overview with famous quote by Elizabeth Taylor; once she said that â€Å"It is bad enough that people are dying of AIDS, but no one should die of ignorance†Read MoreGlobal Health Challenges Of India1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand fighting to overcome from those challenges. When it is comes to the India, which is WHO region, also have health challenges and making the healthy people by some changes in health system and following Millennium Development Goals. The enormous disease burden and more health in equalities and that one in six person in the world are an Indian on the one hand, and the country’s new economics and its logical capital in nation also overseas o n the other hand, has created for global health challengeRead MoreHiv And Aids : A Victim Of Hiv / Aids1274 Words   |  6 PagesBenoite is a victim of HIV/AIDS disease who experienced first hand, with her partner, the devastating effects of HIV/AIDS. She grew deathly sick, worrying about her own health and the health of her babies that she might have infected. Benoite realized that by her impulsive actions, she put the lives of her children and husband in danger, because she didn’t know just how common HIV was. Most people are aware of the disease known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeRead MoreUcv Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesAttitudes surrounding HIV/AIDS in Milwaukee have varied over the years and throughout different activist groups. UWM’s Archives contain a lot of material regarding information on the different AIDS activist groups and resources throughout Milwaukee’s history including, Bobby Positive booklets writte n by a man with AIDS giving personal tips on how to live with AIDS, who later died from the disease in 1997, and different Strategic Plans from the AIDS Resource center of Wisconsin, a HIV health care center

Mental Illness And Mental Health Essay - 936 Words

Mental health is being successful in doing mental functions resulting in being able to form relationships with other people, getting things done and having the ability to work around problems and stress. Your mental health can affect how you think, act and feel. Over the years of your life, your mental health is shaped by the events that you have experienced such as abuse or trauma. Having a healthy mind is just as important as having a healthy body. Conversely, just like how you can get a disease physically, you can get one mentally. This is known as mental illness. Mental illness, is a range of illnesses that affects your psychological and emotional well-being. When our minds are affected by a mental illness, usually all parts of the body are affected. It can be given through genetics or trauma/abuse in your lifetime. Some signs of mental illness can be shown if, they have low or no energy, they feel strangely angry, upset, worried, confused or scared. There are different types of mental illnesses. Anxiety and panic disorders, bipolar disorder and eating disorder are just a few of the entire list of illnesses. There are a lot of discrimination and stigma towards people with mental illness, especially people with schizophrenia who are labeled as â€Å"crazy†. Schizophrenia is possibly one of the most infamous mental illness. Schizophrenia means split mind in ancient Greek basically meaning the shattering of thought processes. Unfortunately, a frequently used stereotype thatShow MoreRelatedMental Illness : Mental Health Illness2108 Words   |  9 PagesMerriam-Webster, mental health illness is described as a broad range of medical conditions (such as major depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, or panic disorder) that are marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, or emotions to impair normal psychological functioning and cause noticeable grief or disability and that are usually related with a disruption in s tandard judgement, feeling, mood, behavior, interpersonal interactions, or daily functioning. Mental healthRead MoreMental Health : Mental Illness1604 Words   |  7 PagesMENTAL HEALTH REPORT 1.Prevalence is the number of cases of disease in a given population and is defined with epidemiological data. Mental health is a person’s psychological well-being. 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A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Essay - 1877 Words

A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens In this essay I intend to write about Ebenezer Scrooge who is the key character of the astonishing novel written by Charles Dickens one of greatest English novelist of he Victorian period. He wrote and published ‘a Christmas carol’ in 1843. Charles Dickens’s also well know stories such as ‘Oliver twist’. Dickens was born on the 2nd February 1812 in London port Hampshire. He moved from his birth place to Chatham where he received little education, he was however withdrawn from school at the age of 15 and work manually in a factory, then worked as a clerk in a solicitors office. Introduction A Christmas carol, set in Victorian England, Dickens paints a picture of a man who has†¦show more content†¦Dickens creates a cold-hearted, miserly character and shows how he changes his attitude and relationships with other people, his language and behavior. 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Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Services -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Services? Answer: Introduction Psychotherapy is a diverse field of identifying and analyzing psychological conditions. Based on the theories there are different types of therapies that are used by professionals all over the world. However, the therapists with a specific motive and outcome have used these different therapies to resolve their clients individual issues. This essay mainly focuses on two different psychotherapies namely Existential and person-Centered therapy by highlighting and contrasting their key concepts and attributes. This essay mainly chooses to focus on three key areas where these two therapies differ from each other. The main purpose of this report is to help understand the similarities and differences between three key areas of these two psychotherapies as mentioned. Key concepts and Attributes Existentialism can be defined as the philosophical approach, which mainly influences the practice adopted by a counselor's approach rather than focusing on their mere therapeutic model, or a different therapeutic approach (Van Deurzen Adams, 2016). This kind of therapy mainly chooses to focus on the approach of implying on the fact that individuals are liberated to determine their own lives. The existential theory mainly concedes the influence of the similar unconscious directives that are primarily focused on the psychodynamic theories (Cooper, 2015). However, it keeps a belief over the idea that the people are open to alternative decisions rather than focusing more on Freud's more deterministic view. Schneider (2015) further adds that the Existential theories believe in the fact that people are capable to make sound and conscious choice than being mere victims of unconscious conditioning. On the other hand, it can Person-centered therapy is the has been developed by Carl Rogers an d has complied with many of the beliefs just like that of the Existential therapy but on a further note, it emphasizes on the ability of the client to self-heal within the coverage of the therapist and counseling approach. It can be elaborated that the Carl Rogers believed in the fact that the people need to motivated and directed towards the definite goal, unlike the theories of the Existential therapy that believes in the fact that the people possess the natural capability of directing themselves towards the defined goal. This can be achieved without any support from the external source (Mearns, Thorne McLeod, 2013). Existential therapy mainly aims to teach the clients to reveal onto life and gather awareness about the various aspects that are available with a purpose to create a consequential and purposeful reality (Berne, 2016). Capuzzi Stauffer (2016) believes in the fact that people seek meaning, purpose, for striving towards uninterrupted personal transformation withy this kind of therapy.With contrast, it can be said that in case of existential theory, the psychological confrontations or disturbances take place when an individual from within, while Roger's person-centered theory believes in defensiveness and disorganized circumstances that mainly misleads people from their natural path towards fulfillment. With similarity like that of Existential theory, it can be added that the Person-centered theory also considers that individuals can self-direct themselves, even without the help of a psychotherapist in making essential alterations for solving their special problems (Van Deurzen, 2015). Historical Development The foundational influence of the existential theory has been found under the concept of human angst as the key motivation that has been responsible for the influence in the human behavior as well as the struggle in the situational conditions, with a belief of existing in the world without occupying any permanent place in it. Philosophers Victor Frankl and Rollo May have found this theory in between the 1800 1900s (Sharf, 2015). In the existing existentialism, Viktor Frankl and Rollo May were key figures in the early development of this movement.Frankl was a former apprentice of Sigmund Freud and Adler but turned out to be more influenced by earlier existential scripts.Rollo May was also predisposed by both Freud and Adler as well but found existentialist theories to be more compelling.On the contrary, Rogers believed that his client-centered therapy should focus on the deep, innate personal psychological experiences of the clients.This therapy emphasizes on the warm, concerned, con siderate attitude of the therapist, which was the elements that encouraged and shored up the actualization of the human prospects (Rogers, 2013). On one hand, the existentialists believed the fact that humans are compelled to self-actualization, which means to explore a better meaning and purpose in life.Johnson (2013) believes that the existentialists were apprehensive about the individuals realism and how they cope with their existence, along with what they do to give their reality, some meaningful purpose. However, on the other hand, Rogers unwaveringly believed that the behaviorist and psychoanalytic therapies do not sustain the client's potential for attaining self-actualization (Prochaska Norcross, 2018).His theories of client-centered therapy grew out of aggravation over the behaviorist and psychoanalytic notions and on the process; he hypothesized that the clients had an intrinsic knowledge in solving issues for which they sought after counseling and therapies (Fromm-Reichmann, 2015). In the process, he started to comprehend that he gained superior results by simply paying attention to his clients by letting them spea k in a controlled environment. Role of the therapists Based on the contrast and analysis, in the person-centered therapy, the therapist facilitates in the creation of a favorable atmosphere that is suitable for the natural psychological growth and directs towards an individual's capacity towards the achievement of self-actualization (Tolan Cameron, 2016).However, in existential therapy, the therapists are mainly concerned with consideration of the subjective world of the clients, in turn helping them to arrive at a new conclusion. This, in turn, helps the clients to recognize the accountability of their lives, thus allowing them to transfer themselves from an emotional anguish, toward the joy of recognizing their potential (Encinares Golea, 2016). In both the therapies, the therapist acts as a mirror to reflect several self-imposed constraints and limitations by preventing the client from additional escalation. On a further note, it can be added thatRogers was cautious in the maintenance of consistency in the application and as a resu lt, it bore reliable results (Cornelius-White, Motschnig-Pitrik Lux, 2013). Nonetheless, Rollo May has neglected the important aspects of human traits and was frequently inconsistent and confused in his clarification regarding the theories of existential therapy. Conclusion With the help of this essay, it can be concluded that both the therapies have been helpful in helping the clients to ease their anxiety and develop a new perspective towards life. However, it can also be added that even though there are several similarities in both the therapies, there are also some differences in the key concepts behind the therapies. On a further note, it can also be added that the existential theory is highly effective in terms of multicultural therapy due to its use of commonness and pervasiveness in the human issues. It can also be observed that the existential psychology continues to remain foreclosed and criticized by the psychoanalytic community due to its nature and practice. References Berne, E. (2016).Transactional analysis in psychotherapy: A systematic individual and social psychiatry. Pickle Partners Publishing. Capuzzi, D., Stauffer, M. D. (2016).Counseling and psychotherapy: Theories and interventions. John Wiley Sons. Cooper, M. (2015).Existential psychotherapy and counselling: Contributions to a pluralistic practice. Sage. Cornelius-White, J. H., Motschnig-Pitrik, R., Lux, M. (2013).Interdisciplinary applications of the person-centered approach. New York: Springer. Encinares, M., Golea, G. (2016). Client-centered care for individuals with dual diagnoses in the justice system.Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services,43(9), 29-36. Fromm-Reichmann, F. (2015).Principles of intensive psychotherapy. University of Chicago Press. Johnson, R. E. (2013).Existential man: The challenge of psychotherapy. Elsevier. Mearns, D., Thorne, B., McLeod, J. (2013).Person-centred counselling in action. Sage. Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J. C. (2018).Systems of psychotherapy: A transtheoretical analysis. Oxford University Press. Sage.Rogers, C. R. (2013). Client-centered therapy.Current psychotherapies, 95. Schneider, K. J. (2015). ExistentialHumanistic Psychotherapy.The Professional Counselor's Desk Reference, 201. Sharf, R. S. (2015).Theories of psychotherapy counseling: Concepts and cases. Cengage Learning. Tolan, J., Cameron, R. (2016).Skills in person-centred counselling psychotherapy. Sage. Van Deurzen, E. (2015).Paradox and passion in psychotherapy: An existential approach. John wiley sons. Van Deurzen, E., Adams, M. (2016).Skills in existential counselling psychotherapy.

American Goldfinch essays

American Goldfinch essays The American Goldfinch is a typical member of the North American seed-eating birds that are members of the finch, or Fringillidae, family. This state bird has adapted to eating seeds with its short, heavy, and conical beak. American Goldfinches use their feet extensively. They have adapted to their low body weight (about 11 g) and their dexterous foot and bill. Their foot is special because it allows them to clamp and extract seeds. The Goldfinch also has adapted to its small size and unique wing structure which provides it with speed. It has adapted to a low-protein diet by having a prolonged moulting period. The American Goldfinch has adapted to predators by utilizing a mostly seeds diet, which predators find insufficient for their health. The American Goldfinch can be all across Southern Canada and most of the United States. The Temperate zone is the very colorful climate they live in. This environment is somewhat warm and sunny, with many plants and animals. Rain and storms are not common, though they do occur sometimes. American Goldfinches may build their nest on the terminal branches of bushes or trees. Pretty much every adaptation of this state bird refers to its characteristics. The American Goldfinches adaptations of eating seeds, avoiding predators, and living on a low-protein diet refer to the characteristic of its short, heavy, and conical beak. Their adaptation of their light weight, and dexterous foot and bill enables this bird to take advantage of food sources relatively inaccessible to some potential competitors. Their wing shape and weight allow them to reach seeds quickly and their bill and feet allow them to break the seeds down. ...

Ethics Information Technology essays

Ethics Information Technology essays With advancements in technology such as the Internet and wireless capabilities, the act of storing photos, documents, and other personal information in the cloud has increased as well. In the past, we stored all of this data in physical form in our homes or offices or, at most, data was stored locally rather than on the internet. Since this data is no longer stored solely in your possession at a physical location, the security and privacy surrounding who can access this information and on what basis has become a concern. Different companies have their own policies regarding these issues as well as varying countries and territories having their own sets of laws and regulations on the matter. The reach of some of these laws has grown more and more distorted as new laws and regulations are enacted or altered. The most main-stream of these issues being the varying laws and transparency surrounding cloud storage privacy and data disclosure in the United States versus Europe. In the United States, the restraint or willingness to turnover personal information about a customer when it comes to cloud data varies company to company. For example, Google publicly releases a Transparency Report annually which shows details of when Google is forced to release data to investigators or any type or a government authority. The Patriot Act can forbid companies from disclosing information regarding these requests, Google's legal director, Richard Delgado explains, "The FBI has the authority to prohibit companies from talking about these requests. But we've been trying to find a way to provide more information about the National Security Letter requests we get. Google revealed that from July to December 2012 it adhered to more than 5,700 subpoena requests for information on individuals, nearly 1,900 search warrants and 758 court orders issued under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act seeking user data. Google said about 90 pe...

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis - Case Study Example This case study also analyses the trouble a nonprofit organization goes through to ensure that they cater for the transport needs of the patients. It uses the example of Jeanne a patient who has to access the pharmacy store, which is two miles away (Sherman, 2011). Mary, who is the coordinator of the nonprofit organization in the region normally, represents other co coordinators. The case study brings out the efforts she puts in into ensuring that Jeanne accesses the pharmacy store. Towards the end, a committee composed of social workers and health providers is formed (Sherman, 2011). This committee is responsible for looking into the transportation plight in order to find a solution and despite mentioning possible solution; they all come to an agreement that the only solution is to purchase a number of vehicles to enable all the patients run errands effectively (Sherman, 2011). They also agree that this will need huge amounts funds for both the purchasing and maintenance procedures. The major problem presented in the case is the issue of transportation. If patients decide to use local public transport, they are very limited in their region of seventeen counties (Sherman, 2011). Therefore, the 900 HIV patients cannot all use the local public transport system. Volunteer transport opportunities are also present in the region but they are not readily available, hence unreliable. The patients can be either lucky or unlucky to get whereby they end up relying on probability. This therefore cannot be the solution in case of an emergency medical situation. The other available means of transport was the private transport. As much as this was available, the patients can hardly afford its high cost considering the fact that they have no family or friends to help with their finances and they barely earn a living. This problem is an imperative one since these patients need to

The leadership skill I most want to develop Essay

The leadership skill I most want to develop - Essay Example This was followed by exploration of available list of leadership skills that singled out most suitable ones for my leadership style. I conducted an online evaluation of my leadership style through responding to traits based questions and the process matched my traits with transformational leadership. My further exploration of the fundamental characteristics of the leadership style such as empowering and motivating people together with promoting collectiveness developed my insight into my leadership skills and other necessary skills to the leadership style. Based on this process, I identified translation of business strategies into clear objectives and tactics, and training other people in developing their skills as my strongest leadership skills. My weakest leadership skills are however, the ability to prepare people to understand changes and transitions, and managing multiple demands and competing priorities. I know that these are my strongest and weakest leadership skills because o f my self-evaluation together with background information on leadership. The leadership skill that I most wish to develop is the ability to prepare people to understanding changes and transitions. My specific objective in developing this skill is to be able to empower people to the capacity in which they can understand a change its consequences, and strategies to dealing with the change. I will measure progress of the development through qualitative evaluation of my subjects understanding of change at a particular time. This will involve presenting a change situation to the subjects, sampling them, and using interviews to evaluate their understanding of the change. I will then compare their responses with the actual scope of the subject change. I will need secondary resources such as published books and journals with information on strategies to developing human potentials. I will also require human resource in management

Impact of TQM Practice to SMEs

Impact of TQM Practice to SMEs CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Objectives 1. Introduction In todays consumer driven world, companies are forced to offer quality products and at the same time also keep the pricing competitive to fight the competition. Todays consumer is not only aware but also smart to evaluate similar products for its quality. This smart and knowledgeable consumer is pushing the companies to the edge in providing quality products at competitive prices. In the 1980s and early 1990s, when many large Japanese companies set up manufacturing operations in North America they suffered from a competitive environment that caused people to think that North American goods were better in quality than Japanese goods. To fight this general consumer perception, Japanese companies sought manufacturing methods to produce goods with a high level of quality so they could penetrate the market at a competitive price. The Japanese management gurus come up with a concept that integrates all functions of an organisation such as finance, marketing, engineering and production so that the company can meet the customer requirements and achieve their desired goals. This was termed as Total Quality Management and till date widely practised by organisation across the globe [TQM, 2007]. What is Total Quality Management (TQM)? TQM is an approach to improving the competitiveness, effectiveness and flexibility throughout the company; it is essentially a way of planning and understanding each activity, depends on each individual at each level (Oakland, John 2005). TQM helps in improving the organisational efficiency. As we all know most of the companies in the small business sector act as a source of raw-material to large organisations so its important to adopt TQM approach in their company, it is extremely difficult for SMEs to accept TQM as whole in their company as compared to large organisation as they always have the problem of finance resources, lack of technical expertise, manpower and some other related issues so it is important for them to revised the TQM approach adopted by large organisations which will help them to be more flexible and move quickly with a change so that they can meet the needs of their customers with good quality products with effective cost. 1.1 Aim of the investigation: This research paper aims to locate the effectiveness of TQM practices in SMEs-specially in manufacturing sector and to discuss the benefits of TQM practices to SMEs. 1.2 Research Objectives Rationale: This research will look into TQM and its practices and its involvement in SMEs industry. Nowadays, competitiveness is based on quality for many organisations; hence it will look into ways of integrating organisation activities with TQM practices in SMEs-working within manufacturing sector. On the other hand, this study will explore the link between the SMEs and TQM practice and evaluating the benefits of TQM to SMEs with special reference to the TMD technologies Ltd UK. 1.3 Structure of the Study: The entire research is designed in five distinct chapters. The following are the key ingredients of each chapter providing a birds eye view of the research: Chapter 1: Firstly, as outlined above, the research objectives and the rationale of the research are outlaid. Chapter 2: The literature surrounding total quality management is discussed and related with the real examples focusing on works carried out by Deming, Juran, and the models of ISO-9001 and Six Sigma. Chapter 3: The Research Methodologies are studied in this chapter concluding with the qualitative research process carrying out through semi-structured interviews. Chapter 4: The data collected from interviews in the manufacturing company TMD Technologies Ltd is discussed in relation to the concepts and literature of TQM. Chapter 5: Researcher has discussed about his Personal Development Plan. Chapter 6: The project is concluded in this chapter with recommendations and the scope of further research being discussed. In addition, the research limitations and data analysis are outlaid. 1.4 Chapter Summary: The research objectives along with the rationale for the research are presented at the outset followed by the structure in which the entire dissertation is constructed. After going through customer requirements, company can focus on producing better quality products within the budget so the improvement in business can be achieved. CHAPTER 2 Total Quality Management Small Medium-Sized Enterprises 2. Literature Review: Quality is vital for organisation success; specially require for SMEs to compete with large competitors. It has become inevitable for SMEs to work on enhancing quality within their functions, product and services and the way they manage their organisations. Manufacturing industry within SMEs framework is the main area of this research where the importance of TQM is needed and has been highlighted by many authors and practitioners. Quality has been defined differently by different authors and professionals; Crosby (Bean, J. Hussey, L. 1998, p.4) defines it as conformance to requirement; whereas (Sadgrove In Bean, J. Hussey, L. 1998, p.4) comments on quality as the product which should be fit for its intended purpose. Quality is the term which drives productivity of the company in the manufacturing sector, if there is an increase in productivity of the organization then it will lead to the increase in revenues and job opportunities. It is a continuous process, which helps the employees to learn from their past and using it to develop the organisation so that they can satisfy their customers. In some manufacturing firms quality used to indicate that a piece of material conforms to certain physical dimensional characteristics often set down in the form of particularly tight specification. (Oakland, S. John, 2005) To be more specific and clear about the different concepts i.e. Quality, Total Quality Management and others which I will be looking at this chapter, I am using an example of Dadoos Foodstore based in South East London who are engaged in retail business i.e. buying few products like bread, fruit drinks, juices, milk, butter, crisps and some other various products in wholesale from suppliers and manufacturing few products like lentils, rice and spices and selling them in this competitive market to earn profit. Their views is to render their services in the most effective manner and customer satisfaction is their main propriety and I am using this example just to explain my knowledge and understanding of different concepts which I have laid down in this part of my research paper and I will use some more real examples but they do not have any link with Chapter 4 later. In Dadoos Foodstore their quality lies in their work as well as their location, which adds to their quality of service as it on the main road i.e. easy to access. They believe they rendering their service in the right way, their quality of work shows when a person walks out happily. They also believe this a continuous process, as they have to change with the latest demands in the market and keep on assessing the change in customer requirements, as customer satisfaction is most important factor in any business. (Appendix A- Case Study of Dadoos Foodstore) 2.1 Total Quality Management (TQM): What is TQM? Word itself gave you the answer; total quality management i.e. quality of the product and successful running of this system lies throughout the company. Total quality management is a structured system for satisfying internal and external customers and suppliers by integrating the business environment, continuous improvement, and breakthroughs with development, improvement, and maintenance cycles while changing organizational culture'(Legge, K. 1994). Small businesses like Dadoos Foodstore; they have to monitor external suppliers quality. Obviously if the quality is not good they are likely to change their supplier until they find a supplier which can meet their needs and a relationship is likely to form. In this quality process the issues are therefore cleanliness and control of the shop, efficiency and friendly staff, competence and storage in warehouse, understanding the customer demands and management commitment which altogether can satisfy their customers and enables them in achievement of the organisational goals. In the figure below we can see that TQM system is divided in three stages i.e. planning, implementing and then results. It is the process that moves around all over the business internally as well as externally, from top to lower level. It seeks to develop and manage organisational culture in line with organisations strategic objectives. It is an approach that includes several contents or aspects that may or may not exist in the business. American Federal Office of Management Budget Circular (Milakovich, 1995), TQM is a total organizational approach for meeting customer needs and expectations that involves all managers and employees in using quantitative methods to improve continuously the organizations processes, products and services. In researchers example of Dadoos Foodstore lets take a look on one of their business activity for which TQM is important. In their manufacturing unit, they produce different kinds of products like rice, lentils and spices e.g. if they producing 100 bags of rice of 20 kg, now its very important for the quality department to make sure that the quality of the rice should be of the required standards and all the bags produced should exactly be in same shape, colour, weight and size. After the production of these rice bags, quality manager was assessing the results and he finds that there was no difference between the bags, all the bags look exactly same, nobody can see the difference, equa l in size, same colour, in short manager was happy and satisfied. How did the production team manage such consistency, they know their job, they got right vision, everything was strategically planned, they know what they are doing, by using right tools and system, right temperament and same procedure so that they can get the same result. This shows an existence of good quality system where employees working are properly trained and know what they are doing, working to the required level of standards and customer satisfaction makes them happy, which will leads to growth and attaining the required goals. In the manufacturing sector TQM has taken by nearly each kind of organization like hotels, government, military and education (Jurow Barnard, 1993). It is an ongoing process which helps in improving all business activities, from top to bottom at all levels doesnt matter its from high level strategic planning and decision-making, to detailed execution of work elements on the shop floor. Continuous improvements with TQM not only deal with improving results but also more importantly with improving capabilities to produce better result in the future. TQM follows a rule that people make mistakes but changing the process can prevent most of the times the causes of such mistakes are faulty systems and processes so it believes that the root cause of such mistakes can be identified and eliminated, and repetition. It is a combination of quality and management tools that aimed at increasing business and reducing losses due to wasteful practices. Some of the companies who have implemented TQM i nclude Ford Motor Company, Phillips Semiconductor, SGL Carbon, Motorola and Toyota Motor Company. According to Ho and Fung (1994), TQM is a way of managing to improve the effectiveness, flexibility, and competitiveness of a business as a whole. It is also a method of removing waste; by involving everyone in improving the way things are done. Dean and Bowen (1994) defined TQM as a philosophy or approach to management that can be characterized by its principles, practices, and techniques. In researchers example of Dadoos Foodstore there can be some quality issues like cleanliness and control of shop, efficiency and friendly shop staff, stock control and communication with the suppliers. TQM helps the store manager in getting better in their day-to-day business activities, which in return not only helps them in surviving in this competitive market but also helps them in moving towards their desired goals. After discussing about TQM lets go further towards its principles i.e. customer focus, continuous improvement, and management commitment: These are the one of the most important principles that a company should follow in terms of total quality management. TQM ensures the management to lead the organisation in strategic overview of quality. To be successful in todays world each and every person of the company should contribute, it must start from the top to bottom. TQM focuses on prevention not detention of problems. Its the duty at the top level management to show their seriousness and commitment towards the quality of the products and then middle management should demonstrate and communicate the principle and strategies to the people under their authority, then only there will be right attitude of work throughout the company, which will lead to continuous improvement. Management should take the responsibility for preparing and monitoring all the policies of the company for continuous improvement and to make sure each employee of all the departments should understand all the required information. For example, a small business firm named Paperco started in 1971 and engaged in the supplying and distribution of all kinds of paper to public and specialist printers. This firm has 14 employees with the annual turnover of 500,000. Paperco judges the quality in terms of giving the customers what it wants. According to the Director of the company, he strongly believes in supplying the right quality of goods to the customer without compromising on anything if that is related to meeting the customer needs i.e. the correct paper, paper size, colour, delivery of goods, customer feedback in short follow up until the customer is satisfied. As we can see there is strong management commitment in this company (North, J., Blackburn, R.A., and Curran, J.1998). Hashmi (2007) comments on combining TQM with effective commitment from senior management with a clear goal, followed by a strategic plan, which is spread as an action plan throughout the company results in good quality products and services with satisfied customers. TQM always focuses on improving the effectiveness of the company that in turn leads to the benefits for their stakeholders. TQM is an ongoing process and aims in continuous improvement so it is an activity which involves planning and organising of all the activities and tasks in advance and to make sure that all the actual activities are matched with the planned ones and to concentrate on not to waste any effort and energy that is routinely spent in the company For continuous improvement a leader should make sure to develop the values and objectives of the company as its mission statement and to act as a role model for others by personal involvement for quality of the products. Senior management is a continuous process for them to develop the strategic plans and keep on reviewing and improving the management system and should always motivate their subordinates and encourage them for effective employee participation [Introduction and Implementation of Quality Management Systems, 2007] In Paperco company, they do not have formal system for maintaining quality then one of the directors suggested to implement a total quality system which enable them to take advantage over their competitors and improve their quality of products and service. For implementation process they decided to hire a specialist, as it would be difficult to interpret the initial stages of the quality process and cost was the least issue as the problem was related to quality of the product that is important. Company director believes in continuous improvement worked with the specialist to develop the plans and procedure and finally the quality manual and was eager to engage all the employees and staff in this process so they can also learn about the change in business activities and suggested them to get rid of all those things which are useless for the company and squeeze all the plans and procedure in the best possible manner, this helps in motivating employees and they were happy as they were i nvolved in such a important procedure. By implementing proper quality system and all the changes are made according to the needs of the customers with strong top-level commitment and training the employees at the same time, Paperco gain an advantage over its competitors and enjoys a reasonable market share (North, J., Blackburn, R.A., and Curran, J. 1998). 2.2 Small Medium-Sized Enterprise (SMEs): In todays European market SMEs plays a vital role as they got the large source of employment and entrepreneur skills. There was a rapid growth in the numbers of SMEs in UK in early 90s and their performance was outstanding, this small business sector becomes one of the important factors for the performance of the UK economy as they also create large number of job opportunities. In the enlarged European Union of 25 countries, Around 23 million SMEs provide around 75 million jobs, which shows that the SMEs provides 99% of the total jobs of all the enterprises. UK government and EU programmes has always supported SMEs and they create various opportunities for these businesses as they account 56% of the total workforce in the country. As many SMEs runs their business processes at the 2 to 3 quality level and any improvement of even 1 represents a vital step in satisfying their customers within the cost budget (Spanyi and Wurtzel, 2004). SMEs can be distinguished with regards to the number of people working in the company, depending upon the market share and most of the times small businesses are run by their owners or partners, for example; a firm producing utensils employs less than 50 people in their company and enjoys small share of market and run by two partners then this firm will come under the category of small business sector. In the UK, sections 247 and 249 of the Companies Act 1985 define a SME for the purpose of accounting requirements. These sections have been amended a number of times, most recently by Statutory Instrument 2004/16. According to this a small company is one that has a turnover of not more than  £5.6 million, a balance sheet total of not more than  £2.8 million and not more than 50 employees. A medium-sized company has a turnover of not more than  £22.8 million, a balance sheet total of not more than  £11.4 million and not more than 250 employees. It is worth no ting that even within the UK this definition is not universally applied. (Strathclyde Library Resources, 2007) 2.3 SMEs in Manufacturing: SMEs in the manufacturing sector in earlier days used to follow the path where the chances of growth are very low. In SMEs the owner of the company enjoys with a source of income and employment and they have to operate most of the activities in the company. SMEs are gaining attention and support from the government but they often have to face the problem of resources especially in finance and growth of the company is depending on the allocation of funds that can be arranged by the owner externally. The migrants and unskilled labour dominate the manufacturing industry. (The Economists, Jan 2006). So there is a need to upgrade the training standards in the organisation so that the quality of the product can be maintained up to the prescribed level. In the production department, it is necessary to recognize the issues, which affect the efficiency of the successfulness of this sector, and to take corrective actions. Thus, a system of certification of such skills will be required to give recognition to their skills acquired in an informal manner, which will help in improving the efficiency of the workforce in this sector. For example TVR Company, a small and medium-sized enterprise in the manufacturing sector in UK engage in producing cars, the first car was built by Trevor Wilkinson the owner of the company himself in 1947 and it took around 10 years for the company to be famous in the car market, company was started by one man who join his hands with Ray Saidel, who become the first TVR dealer and after a long struggle TVR finally becomes the 3rd largest producer of cars in the world. They have employed 450 peoples out of 200 works in the production department, 50 are involved in financial, 85 are busy in marketing, packing and distribution section, 30 are involved in administrative department, 25 are busy in research and development department, 35 are working in maintaining the quality of the product i.e. quality department and rest in other various departments [TVR, 2007]. 2.4 Quality in SMEs: In the case of TVR there are likely to be many quality issues. Indeed Quality has been described by many people as a multi-dimensional entity; for example some have described it as an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"umbrella protecting the business from the harsh weather of competition, globalisation etc (Preston, 1996). In particular TVR has product quality issues and process quality issues. The produce quality issues include the reliability and performance of its vehicles; the process quality issues include the after sales service and even whether the sales staffs are professional or ill mannered. One of the problems facing TVR is retention of its customers; they seem to enjoy the car but once they have used it for a number of years they switch to a mass-build vehicle such as Toyota or Mercedes. The reason is likely to be that TVR has a young 0and male image and is seen as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"edgy and the company service is similarly not conveniently ordered as many manufacturers recommend. Essentially the quality process is not what it could be; even young women are somewhat frightened off by the brash salesmanship of TVR staff. This is a quality issue. It is believed by TVR that if they could change this quality factor they would improve retention, bring new markets (e.g. UK women) and hence improve the performance of the company. Indeed much research says techniques of total quality management that can be adopted by the SMEs to improve the performance of the company through effective quality system doesnt matter if its related to managerial, financial or operational activities. Among so many model of quality, we have seen that the most effective model is Quality Assurance and TQM. Quality assurance refers to the evaluation and certification by a customer or by an independent certification bodies of an organizations quality system, to demonstrate that a specific quality system standard has been met (Husband Mandal, 1999). 2.5 TQM APPROACHES: 2.5.1 Demings Approach to Total Quality Management: Its processes are divided into four sequential categories: plan, do, check, and act (the PDCA cycle. The theoretical essence of Deming approach to TQM concerns the creation of organisational system that fosters cooperation and learning for facilitating the implementation of process management practices, which, in turn, lead to continuous improvement of processes, products, and services as well as to employee fulfilment, both of which are critical to customer satisfaction, and ultimately to firms survival (Anderson, J.C., Rungtusanatham, M. and Schroeder, R.G. 1994). Deming (1986) describes organizations as composites of systems designed to meet customer needs. He focuses more on the top management and explained that its their responsibility to go forward and lead the organisation in changing processes and systems that leads to continuous improvement. Top management has to create and communicate a vision and be a leader that is the most important factor in ensuring the success of quality management in any organisation. He also focuses towards the importance of identification of customer needs and requirements from the products and services which they are buying and the use of functional tools and teams to solve quality problems, which require participation of employees and pursuit of continuous improvement. According to Deming (1986) leadership must come from top-management and leaders must be trained and have full knowledge of systems, variations (statistical thinking), knowledge of theory, and knowledge of psychology so that they can lead in a more effective way. This means to improve quality lies in the ability to control and manage systems and processes properly so therefore the role of management responsibilities in achieving the desired goals is critical. For example, Hitachi-rail, one of the Japanese leading companies was founded in 1915 and since then they are producing products like Steam locomotive, First Electric locomotive, Tokyo Monorail, Suica contact-less smart card ticketing system which are famous for their quality and used worldwide by most of the companies. How did they manage to meet the customer requirements and maintaining the required quality standards? They also follow Demings PDCA Model, they believe in continuous improvement just like a circle has no end and fo r non-stop development and growth they use this cycle on regular intervals. Plan: After the research for a long period of time and taking into consideration all the aspects in their field of manufacturing loconotives and rolling stocks the managers in Hitachi had laid out the strategic plan i.e first they manufacture Japenese elctric locomotive then the bullet train and presently as well as manufacturing they are also engage in supplying the important components of the service administration for the bullet train. Hitachi concentrates most on their after sale services, they planned everything from the feedbak which they gained from their customers and evaluate the present and future market conditions and therefore they make their maintainence plan as well as plans for their new their new products. Hitachi makes their customers comfortable and solve their problems makes them feel happy so that they can relia on the company as any other successful company Hitachi also beieves in customers satisfation. Hitachi provides the satisfactory level of maintenance management planning and support equipment i.e. on-board inspection tools and depot integrated management system. PDCA Cycle-Japanese style of maintenance Do: This is the stage where all the planned activities have to be transformed into actual activities i.e. this is the time for action. Hitachis aims to achieve high level of maintenance for which they used various systems: Depot integrated management system Ground based automatic inspection system, On-board self-diagnostic system, Material control system Vehicle utilization system. Hitachi used all thses system in order to achive their desired goals, total depot management system that combines the maintenance management system, the vehicle utilization system and the parts/material control system. With the help of this process company can contribute in labour saving [Hitachi maintenance system, 2007]. Check: This step is basically in which you go thru your experiment, analyse the outcomes and identify the knowledge what you have gained. Hitachi with the help of the depot integrated management system data and effective staff allocation keeps an eye on the progress and functioning of its business activities. Hitachi is producing railway products for a long period of time and its obvious that they have good and effective knowledge about their manufacturing system, in this step Hitachi can check its formal and informal assessment constantly for a longer period of time. Act: As we know Hitachi produced first electric locomotive in 1924 and they used their local technology system and they have majorly contributed in the manufacturing of bullet train. With the product like these, Hitachi is not only dominating the market but also maintianing their quality standards andtheir technology which help in continuous improvement. Anderson, J.C., Rungtusanatham, M. and Schroeder, R.G. (1994) developed a theory of quality management underlying Deming management method. They proposed that: the effectiveness of Deming management method arises from leadership efforts and at the same time creating a cooperative and learning organisation to facilitate the implementation of management practices, which will lead to support customer satisfaction and help in organisational survival as well as in the long run. 2.5.2 Jurans Approach to Total Quality Management: Jurans, J.M. (1993) approach is laid through emphasis on teamwork and project work, which can promote and improve quality as well as improve communication between management and employees. According to Juran TQM is the system of activities directed towards achieving delighted customers, empowered employees, and focuses towards higher revenues with lower costs. According to Juran, it is very important to understand customer needs and requirements and each and every department like marketing design, manufacturing, and services should apply this requirement. Identifying customer needs requires more vigorous analysis and understanding to ensure the product meets customers needs. 2.6 Implementation of TQM practices by SMEs in U.K.: TVR being a small firm are proud of having detailed knowledge of their small band of customers; they even have a social club that is very well attended, the TVR Car Club [TVR Car Club, 2007]. Consequently they know before any competitor who their customers are, what they think and how they live. So there are many advantages to being small. This customer focus of TVR one of the major claims of the TQM methodology for as we know TQM is a customer-focus system, which is very important for large business organisations in the same way, it is vital for small business also. Government and EU market are beginning to see SME sector as an important engine of growth, (Carter, K., (1993) pp. 16-18.) When a particular SME organisation move towards setting effective quality system in the company, sometimes they have to face few problems or difficulties which obstructs them in setting the standards for total quality management. Some of the problems like lack of financial resources and expertise for quality issues, poor delivery service, lack of Benchmarking, low morale among the employees and less ways of incentives and sometimes there is a bad impression among the public regarding the quality image of the organisation. Following are some of the optimal solutions for these difficulties, which enable the SMEs to implement effective TQM: Most of the times arranging financial resources is the major issues for SMEs while implementing effective TQM. SMEs can obtain funds from external resources such as Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs) that support quality initiatives and help the companies in the arrangement of funds. SMEs should learn from the success and failures of the organisations that has already developed TQM. In 1957 Ray Saidel (First TVR Dealer) helps in the manufacturing process of TVR cars, he built a new design with better quality system and the car was named Jomar which becomes very popular and large amount of orders were coming and company had some financial issues thats why they were struggling in keeping up the quality of the product, for this they transformed the company in 1958 under the name of Layton Sports Car Ltd and with the help of some financial institution there problem of finance was solved[TVR, 2007]. SMEs has to make sure that through proper training and development there should be a cultur Impact of TQM Practice to SMEs Impact of TQM Practice to SMEs CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Objectives 1. Introduction In todays consumer driven world, companies are forced to offer quality products and at the same time also keep the pricing competitive to fight the competition. Todays consumer is not only aware but also smart to evaluate similar products for its quality. This smart and knowledgeable consumer is pushing the companies to the edge in providing quality products at competitive prices. In the 1980s and early 1990s, when many large Japanese companies set up manufacturing operations in North America they suffered from a competitive environment that caused people to think that North American goods were better in quality than Japanese goods. To fight this general consumer perception, Japanese companies sought manufacturing methods to produce goods with a high level of quality so they could penetrate the market at a competitive price. The Japanese management gurus come up with a concept that integrates all functions of an organisation such as finance, marketing, engineering and production so that the company can meet the customer requirements and achieve their desired goals. This was termed as Total Quality Management and till date widely practised by organisation across the globe [TQM, 2007]. What is Total Quality Management (TQM)? TQM is an approach to improving the competitiveness, effectiveness and flexibility throughout the company; it is essentially a way of planning and understanding each activity, depends on each individual at each level (Oakland, John 2005). TQM helps in improving the organisational efficiency. As we all know most of the companies in the small business sector act as a source of raw-material to large organisations so its important to adopt TQM approach in their company, it is extremely difficult for SMEs to accept TQM as whole in their company as compared to large organisation as they always have the problem of finance resources, lack of technical expertise, manpower and some other related issues so it is important for them to revised the TQM approach adopted by large organisations which will help them to be more flexible and move quickly with a change so that they can meet the needs of their customers with good quality products with effective cost. 1.1 Aim of the investigation: This research paper aims to locate the effectiveness of TQM practices in SMEs-specially in manufacturing sector and to discuss the benefits of TQM practices to SMEs. 1.2 Research Objectives Rationale: This research will look into TQM and its practices and its involvement in SMEs industry. Nowadays, competitiveness is based on quality for many organisations; hence it will look into ways of integrating organisation activities with TQM practices in SMEs-working within manufacturing sector. On the other hand, this study will explore the link between the SMEs and TQM practice and evaluating the benefits of TQM to SMEs with special reference to the TMD technologies Ltd UK. 1.3 Structure of the Study: The entire research is designed in five distinct chapters. The following are the key ingredients of each chapter providing a birds eye view of the research: Chapter 1: Firstly, as outlined above, the research objectives and the rationale of the research are outlaid. Chapter 2: The literature surrounding total quality management is discussed and related with the real examples focusing on works carried out by Deming, Juran, and the models of ISO-9001 and Six Sigma. Chapter 3: The Research Methodologies are studied in this chapter concluding with the qualitative research process carrying out through semi-structured interviews. Chapter 4: The data collected from interviews in the manufacturing company TMD Technologies Ltd is discussed in relation to the concepts and literature of TQM. Chapter 5: Researcher has discussed about his Personal Development Plan. Chapter 6: The project is concluded in this chapter with recommendations and the scope of further research being discussed. In addition, the research limitations and data analysis are outlaid. 1.4 Chapter Summary: The research objectives along with the rationale for the research are presented at the outset followed by the structure in which the entire dissertation is constructed. After going through customer requirements, company can focus on producing better quality products within the budget so the improvement in business can be achieved. CHAPTER 2 Total Quality Management Small Medium-Sized Enterprises 2. Literature Review: Quality is vital for organisation success; specially require for SMEs to compete with large competitors. It has become inevitable for SMEs to work on enhancing quality within their functions, product and services and the way they manage their organisations. Manufacturing industry within SMEs framework is the main area of this research where the importance of TQM is needed and has been highlighted by many authors and practitioners. Quality has been defined differently by different authors and professionals; Crosby (Bean, J. Hussey, L. 1998, p.4) defines it as conformance to requirement; whereas (Sadgrove In Bean, J. Hussey, L. 1998, p.4) comments on quality as the product which should be fit for its intended purpose. Quality is the term which drives productivity of the company in the manufacturing sector, if there is an increase in productivity of the organization then it will lead to the increase in revenues and job opportunities. It is a continuous process, which helps the employees to learn from their past and using it to develop the organisation so that they can satisfy their customers. In some manufacturing firms quality used to indicate that a piece of material conforms to certain physical dimensional characteristics often set down in the form of particularly tight specification. (Oakland, S. John, 2005) To be more specific and clear about the different concepts i.e. Quality, Total Quality Management and others which I will be looking at this chapter, I am using an example of Dadoos Foodstore based in South East London who are engaged in retail business i.e. buying few products like bread, fruit drinks, juices, milk, butter, crisps and some other various products in wholesale from suppliers and manufacturing few products like lentils, rice and spices and selling them in this competitive market to earn profit. Their views is to render their services in the most effective manner and customer satisfaction is their main propriety and I am using this example just to explain my knowledge and understanding of different concepts which I have laid down in this part of my research paper and I will use some more real examples but they do not have any link with Chapter 4 later. In Dadoos Foodstore their quality lies in their work as well as their location, which adds to their quality of service as it on the main road i.e. easy to access. They believe they rendering their service in the right way, their quality of work shows when a person walks out happily. They also believe this a continuous process, as they have to change with the latest demands in the market and keep on assessing the change in customer requirements, as customer satisfaction is most important factor in any business. (Appendix A- Case Study of Dadoos Foodstore) 2.1 Total Quality Management (TQM): What is TQM? Word itself gave you the answer; total quality management i.e. quality of the product and successful running of this system lies throughout the company. Total quality management is a structured system for satisfying internal and external customers and suppliers by integrating the business environment, continuous improvement, and breakthroughs with development, improvement, and maintenance cycles while changing organizational culture'(Legge, K. 1994). Small businesses like Dadoos Foodstore; they have to monitor external suppliers quality. Obviously if the quality is not good they are likely to change their supplier until they find a supplier which can meet their needs and a relationship is likely to form. In this quality process the issues are therefore cleanliness and control of the shop, efficiency and friendly staff, competence and storage in warehouse, understanding the customer demands and management commitment which altogether can satisfy their customers and enables them in achievement of the organisational goals. In the figure below we can see that TQM system is divided in three stages i.e. planning, implementing and then results. It is the process that moves around all over the business internally as well as externally, from top to lower level. It seeks to develop and manage organisational culture in line with organisations strategic objectives. It is an approach that includes several contents or aspects that may or may not exist in the business. American Federal Office of Management Budget Circular (Milakovich, 1995), TQM is a total organizational approach for meeting customer needs and expectations that involves all managers and employees in using quantitative methods to improve continuously the organizations processes, products and services. In researchers example of Dadoos Foodstore lets take a look on one of their business activity for which TQM is important. In their manufacturing unit, they produce different kinds of products like rice, lentils and spices e.g. if they producing 100 bags of rice of 20 kg, now its very important for the quality department to make sure that the quality of the rice should be of the required standards and all the bags produced should exactly be in same shape, colour, weight and size. After the production of these rice bags, quality manager was assessing the results and he finds that there was no difference between the bags, all the bags look exactly same, nobody can see the difference, equa l in size, same colour, in short manager was happy and satisfied. How did the production team manage such consistency, they know their job, they got right vision, everything was strategically planned, they know what they are doing, by using right tools and system, right temperament and same procedure so that they can get the same result. This shows an existence of good quality system where employees working are properly trained and know what they are doing, working to the required level of standards and customer satisfaction makes them happy, which will leads to growth and attaining the required goals. In the manufacturing sector TQM has taken by nearly each kind of organization like hotels, government, military and education (Jurow Barnard, 1993). It is an ongoing process which helps in improving all business activities, from top to bottom at all levels doesnt matter its from high level strategic planning and decision-making, to detailed execution of work elements on the shop floor. Continuous improvements with TQM not only deal with improving results but also more importantly with improving capabilities to produce better result in the future. TQM follows a rule that people make mistakes but changing the process can prevent most of the times the causes of such mistakes are faulty systems and processes so it believes that the root cause of such mistakes can be identified and eliminated, and repetition. It is a combination of quality and management tools that aimed at increasing business and reducing losses due to wasteful practices. Some of the companies who have implemented TQM i nclude Ford Motor Company, Phillips Semiconductor, SGL Carbon, Motorola and Toyota Motor Company. According to Ho and Fung (1994), TQM is a way of managing to improve the effectiveness, flexibility, and competitiveness of a business as a whole. It is also a method of removing waste; by involving everyone in improving the way things are done. Dean and Bowen (1994) defined TQM as a philosophy or approach to management that can be characterized by its principles, practices, and techniques. In researchers example of Dadoos Foodstore there can be some quality issues like cleanliness and control of shop, efficiency and friendly shop staff, stock control and communication with the suppliers. TQM helps the store manager in getting better in their day-to-day business activities, which in return not only helps them in surviving in this competitive market but also helps them in moving towards their desired goals. After discussing about TQM lets go further towards its principles i.e. customer focus, continuous improvement, and management commitment: These are the one of the most important principles that a company should follow in terms of total quality management. TQM ensures the management to lead the organisation in strategic overview of quality. To be successful in todays world each and every person of the company should contribute, it must start from the top to bottom. TQM focuses on prevention not detention of problems. Its the duty at the top level management to show their seriousness and commitment towards the quality of the products and then middle management should demonstrate and communicate the principle and strategies to the people under their authority, then only there will be right attitude of work throughout the company, which will lead to continuous improvement. Management should take the responsibility for preparing and monitoring all the policies of the company for continuous improvement and to make sure each employee of all the departments should understand all the required information. For example, a small business firm named Paperco started in 1971 and engaged in the supplying and distribution of all kinds of paper to public and specialist printers. This firm has 14 employees with the annual turnover of 500,000. Paperco judges the quality in terms of giving the customers what it wants. According to the Director of the company, he strongly believes in supplying the right quality of goods to the customer without compromising on anything if that is related to meeting the customer needs i.e. the correct paper, paper size, colour, delivery of goods, customer feedback in short follow up until the customer is satisfied. As we can see there is strong management commitment in this company (North, J., Blackburn, R.A., and Curran, J.1998). Hashmi (2007) comments on combining TQM with effective commitment from senior management with a clear goal, followed by a strategic plan, which is spread as an action plan throughout the company results in good quality products and services with satisfied customers. TQM always focuses on improving the effectiveness of the company that in turn leads to the benefits for their stakeholders. TQM is an ongoing process and aims in continuous improvement so it is an activity which involves planning and organising of all the activities and tasks in advance and to make sure that all the actual activities are matched with the planned ones and to concentrate on not to waste any effort and energy that is routinely spent in the company For continuous improvement a leader should make sure to develop the values and objectives of the company as its mission statement and to act as a role model for others by personal involvement for quality of the products. Senior management is a continuous process for them to develop the strategic plans and keep on reviewing and improving the management system and should always motivate their subordinates and encourage them for effective employee participation [Introduction and Implementation of Quality Management Systems, 2007] In Paperco company, they do not have formal system for maintaining quality then one of the directors suggested to implement a total quality system which enable them to take advantage over their competitors and improve their quality of products and service. For implementation process they decided to hire a specialist, as it would be difficult to interpret the initial stages of the quality process and cost was the least issue as the problem was related to quality of the product that is important. Company director believes in continuous improvement worked with the specialist to develop the plans and procedure and finally the quality manual and was eager to engage all the employees and staff in this process so they can also learn about the change in business activities and suggested them to get rid of all those things which are useless for the company and squeeze all the plans and procedure in the best possible manner, this helps in motivating employees and they were happy as they were i nvolved in such a important procedure. By implementing proper quality system and all the changes are made according to the needs of the customers with strong top-level commitment and training the employees at the same time, Paperco gain an advantage over its competitors and enjoys a reasonable market share (North, J., Blackburn, R.A., and Curran, J. 1998). 2.2 Small Medium-Sized Enterprise (SMEs): In todays European market SMEs plays a vital role as they got the large source of employment and entrepreneur skills. There was a rapid growth in the numbers of SMEs in UK in early 90s and their performance was outstanding, this small business sector becomes one of the important factors for the performance of the UK economy as they also create large number of job opportunities. In the enlarged European Union of 25 countries, Around 23 million SMEs provide around 75 million jobs, which shows that the SMEs provides 99% of the total jobs of all the enterprises. UK government and EU programmes has always supported SMEs and they create various opportunities for these businesses as they account 56% of the total workforce in the country. As many SMEs runs their business processes at the 2 to 3 quality level and any improvement of even 1 represents a vital step in satisfying their customers within the cost budget (Spanyi and Wurtzel, 2004). SMEs can be distinguished with regards to the number of people working in the company, depending upon the market share and most of the times small businesses are run by their owners or partners, for example; a firm producing utensils employs less than 50 people in their company and enjoys small share of market and run by two partners then this firm will come under the category of small business sector. In the UK, sections 247 and 249 of the Companies Act 1985 define a SME for the purpose of accounting requirements. These sections have been amended a number of times, most recently by Statutory Instrument 2004/16. According to this a small company is one that has a turnover of not more than  £5.6 million, a balance sheet total of not more than  £2.8 million and not more than 50 employees. A medium-sized company has a turnover of not more than  £22.8 million, a balance sheet total of not more than  £11.4 million and not more than 250 employees. It is worth no ting that even within the UK this definition is not universally applied. (Strathclyde Library Resources, 2007) 2.3 SMEs in Manufacturing: SMEs in the manufacturing sector in earlier days used to follow the path where the chances of growth are very low. In SMEs the owner of the company enjoys with a source of income and employment and they have to operate most of the activities in the company. SMEs are gaining attention and support from the government but they often have to face the problem of resources especially in finance and growth of the company is depending on the allocation of funds that can be arranged by the owner externally. The migrants and unskilled labour dominate the manufacturing industry. (The Economists, Jan 2006). So there is a need to upgrade the training standards in the organisation so that the quality of the product can be maintained up to the prescribed level. In the production department, it is necessary to recognize the issues, which affect the efficiency of the successfulness of this sector, and to take corrective actions. Thus, a system of certification of such skills will be required to give recognition to their skills acquired in an informal manner, which will help in improving the efficiency of the workforce in this sector. For example TVR Company, a small and medium-sized enterprise in the manufacturing sector in UK engage in producing cars, the first car was built by Trevor Wilkinson the owner of the company himself in 1947 and it took around 10 years for the company to be famous in the car market, company was started by one man who join his hands with Ray Saidel, who become the first TVR dealer and after a long struggle TVR finally becomes the 3rd largest producer of cars in the world. They have employed 450 peoples out of 200 works in the production department, 50 are involved in financial, 85 are busy in marketing, packing and distribution section, 30 are involved in administrative department, 25 are busy in research and development department, 35 are working in maintaining the quality of the product i.e. quality department and rest in other various departments [TVR, 2007]. 2.4 Quality in SMEs: In the case of TVR there are likely to be many quality issues. Indeed Quality has been described by many people as a multi-dimensional entity; for example some have described it as an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"umbrella protecting the business from the harsh weather of competition, globalisation etc (Preston, 1996). In particular TVR has product quality issues and process quality issues. The produce quality issues include the reliability and performance of its vehicles; the process quality issues include the after sales service and even whether the sales staffs are professional or ill mannered. One of the problems facing TVR is retention of its customers; they seem to enjoy the car but once they have used it for a number of years they switch to a mass-build vehicle such as Toyota or Mercedes. The reason is likely to be that TVR has a young 0and male image and is seen as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"edgy and the company service is similarly not conveniently ordered as many manufacturers recommend. Essentially the quality process is not what it could be; even young women are somewhat frightened off by the brash salesmanship of TVR staff. This is a quality issue. It is believed by TVR that if they could change this quality factor they would improve retention, bring new markets (e.g. UK women) and hence improve the performance of the company. Indeed much research says techniques of total quality management that can be adopted by the SMEs to improve the performance of the company through effective quality system doesnt matter if its related to managerial, financial or operational activities. Among so many model of quality, we have seen that the most effective model is Quality Assurance and TQM. Quality assurance refers to the evaluation and certification by a customer or by an independent certification bodies of an organizations quality system, to demonstrate that a specific quality system standard has been met (Husband Mandal, 1999). 2.5 TQM APPROACHES: 2.5.1 Demings Approach to Total Quality Management: Its processes are divided into four sequential categories: plan, do, check, and act (the PDCA cycle. The theoretical essence of Deming approach to TQM concerns the creation of organisational system that fosters cooperation and learning for facilitating the implementation of process management practices, which, in turn, lead to continuous improvement of processes, products, and services as well as to employee fulfilment, both of which are critical to customer satisfaction, and ultimately to firms survival (Anderson, J.C., Rungtusanatham, M. and Schroeder, R.G. 1994). Deming (1986) describes organizations as composites of systems designed to meet customer needs. He focuses more on the top management and explained that its their responsibility to go forward and lead the organisation in changing processes and systems that leads to continuous improvement. Top management has to create and communicate a vision and be a leader that is the most important factor in ensuring the success of quality management in any organisation. He also focuses towards the importance of identification of customer needs and requirements from the products and services which they are buying and the use of functional tools and teams to solve quality problems, which require participation of employees and pursuit of continuous improvement. According to Deming (1986) leadership must come from top-management and leaders must be trained and have full knowledge of systems, variations (statistical thinking), knowledge of theory, and knowledge of psychology so that they can lead in a more effective way. This means to improve quality lies in the ability to control and manage systems and processes properly so therefore the role of management responsibilities in achieving the desired goals is critical. For example, Hitachi-rail, one of the Japanese leading companies was founded in 1915 and since then they are producing products like Steam locomotive, First Electric locomotive, Tokyo Monorail, Suica contact-less smart card ticketing system which are famous for their quality and used worldwide by most of the companies. How did they manage to meet the customer requirements and maintaining the required quality standards? They also follow Demings PDCA Model, they believe in continuous improvement just like a circle has no end and fo r non-stop development and growth they use this cycle on regular intervals. Plan: After the research for a long period of time and taking into consideration all the aspects in their field of manufacturing loconotives and rolling stocks the managers in Hitachi had laid out the strategic plan i.e first they manufacture Japenese elctric locomotive then the bullet train and presently as well as manufacturing they are also engage in supplying the important components of the service administration for the bullet train. Hitachi concentrates most on their after sale services, they planned everything from the feedbak which they gained from their customers and evaluate the present and future market conditions and therefore they make their maintainence plan as well as plans for their new their new products. Hitachi makes their customers comfortable and solve their problems makes them feel happy so that they can relia on the company as any other successful company Hitachi also beieves in customers satisfation. Hitachi provides the satisfactory level of maintenance management planning and support equipment i.e. on-board inspection tools and depot integrated management system. PDCA Cycle-Japanese style of maintenance Do: This is the stage where all the planned activities have to be transformed into actual activities i.e. this is the time for action. Hitachis aims to achieve high level of maintenance for which they used various systems: Depot integrated management system Ground based automatic inspection system, On-board self-diagnostic system, Material control system Vehicle utilization system. Hitachi used all thses system in order to achive their desired goals, total depot management system that combines the maintenance management system, the vehicle utilization system and the parts/material control system. With the help of this process company can contribute in labour saving [Hitachi maintenance system, 2007]. Check: This step is basically in which you go thru your experiment, analyse the outcomes and identify the knowledge what you have gained. Hitachi with the help of the depot integrated management system data and effective staff allocation keeps an eye on the progress and functioning of its business activities. Hitachi is producing railway products for a long period of time and its obvious that they have good and effective knowledge about their manufacturing system, in this step Hitachi can check its formal and informal assessment constantly for a longer period of time. Act: As we know Hitachi produced first electric locomotive in 1924 and they used their local technology system and they have majorly contributed in the manufacturing of bullet train. With the product like these, Hitachi is not only dominating the market but also maintianing their quality standards andtheir technology which help in continuous improvement. Anderson, J.C., Rungtusanatham, M. and Schroeder, R.G. (1994) developed a theory of quality management underlying Deming management method. They proposed that: the effectiveness of Deming management method arises from leadership efforts and at the same time creating a cooperative and learning organisation to facilitate the implementation of management practices, which will lead to support customer satisfaction and help in organisational survival as well as in the long run. 2.5.2 Jurans Approach to Total Quality Management: Jurans, J.M. (1993) approach is laid through emphasis on teamwork and project work, which can promote and improve quality as well as improve communication between management and employees. According to Juran TQM is the system of activities directed towards achieving delighted customers, empowered employees, and focuses towards higher revenues with lower costs. According to Juran, it is very important to understand customer needs and requirements and each and every department like marketing design, manufacturing, and services should apply this requirement. Identifying customer needs requires more vigorous analysis and understanding to ensure the product meets customers needs. 2.6 Implementation of TQM practices by SMEs in U.K.: TVR being a small firm are proud of having detailed knowledge of their small band of customers; they even have a social club that is very well attended, the TVR Car Club [TVR Car Club, 2007]. Consequently they know before any competitor who their customers are, what they think and how they live. So there are many advantages to being small. This customer focus of TVR one of the major claims of the TQM methodology for as we know TQM is a customer-focus system, which is very important for large business organisations in the same way, it is vital for small business also. Government and EU market are beginning to see SME sector as an important engine of growth, (Carter, K., (1993) pp. 16-18.) When a particular SME organisation move towards setting effective quality system in the company, sometimes they have to face few problems or difficulties which obstructs them in setting the standards for total quality management. Some of the problems like lack of financial resources and expertise for quality issues, poor delivery service, lack of Benchmarking, low morale among the employees and less ways of incentives and sometimes there is a bad impression among the public regarding the quality image of the organisation. Following are some of the optimal solutions for these difficulties, which enable the SMEs to implement effective TQM: Most of the times arranging financial resources is the major issues for SMEs while implementing effective TQM. SMEs can obtain funds from external resources such as Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs) that support quality initiatives and help the companies in the arrangement of funds. SMEs should learn from the success and failures of the organisations that has already developed TQM. In 1957 Ray Saidel (First TVR Dealer) helps in the manufacturing process of TVR cars, he built a new design with better quality system and the car was named Jomar which becomes very popular and large amount of orders were coming and company had some financial issues thats why they were struggling in keeping up the quality of the product, for this they transformed the company in 1958 under the name of Layton Sports Car Ltd and with the help of some financial institution there problem of finance was solved[TVR, 2007]. SMEs has to make sure that through proper training and development there should be a cultur